Nkhani

Kafukufuku wa Flame Retardancy of Automotive Equipment and Application Trends of Flame Retardant Fibers in Vehicles

Chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu kwamakampani opanga magalimoto, magalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popita kapena kunyamula katundu, akhala zida zofunika kwambiri pamoyo wa anthu. Ngakhale kuti magalimoto amathandiza mosavuta, amakhalanso ndi zoopsa zachitetezo, monga ngozi zapamsewu ndi kuyaka kochitika. Chifukwa cha malo otsekedwa ndi zipangizo zoyaka moto, moto ukangoyamba m'galimoto, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuzilamulira, kuyika miyoyo ndi katundu wa okwera pangozi. Choncho, chitetezo cha moto m'magalimoto chiyenera kukhala chodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.

Zifukwa zamoto zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
(1) Zinthu zokhudzana ndi magalimoto, kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa magetsi, kutuluka kwa mafuta, ndi kukangana kwa makina chifukwa cha kusinthidwa kosayenera, kuyika, kapena kukonza.
(2) Zinthu zakunja, monga kugundana, kugubuduza, kuwotcha, kapena magwero oyaka osayang'aniridwa.

Magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, okhala ndi mabatire amphamvu kwambiri, amatha kuyaka kwambiri chifukwa cha mayendedwe afupiafupi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kugundana, kuphulika, kuthawa kwamafuta chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, kapena kuchuluka kwamagetsi pakuthamangitsa mwachangu.

01 Kafukufuku pa Kuwonongeka kwa Flame kwa Zida Zagalimoto

Kuphunzira kwa zinthu zowotcha moto kunayamba chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19 ku United States. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo m'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala zofunidwa zatsopano zofufuza za kuchedwa kwamoto kwa zida zamkati zamagalimoto, makamaka m'magawo otsatirawa:

Choyamba, kafukufuku wanthanthi pa kuchedwa kwamoto. M’zaka zaposachedwa, ofufuza ku China aika chidwi kwambiri pophunzira njira zoyaka moto za ulusi ndi mapulasitiki osiyanasiyana, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zoletsa moto.

Chachiwiri, chitukuko cha zipangizo retardant lawi. Pakali pano, pali mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo zochepetsera moto zomwe zikupangidwa. Padziko lonse lapansi, zida monga PPS, kaboni CHIKWANGWANI, ndi magalasi CHIKWANGWANI chagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Chachitatu, fufuzani pa nsalu zotchinga moto. Nsalu zotchingira moto zimakhala zosavuta kupanga komanso zogwira mtima kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti nsalu za thonje zotchinga moto zapangidwa kale bwino, kafukufuku wa nsalu zina zowotcha moto akadali ochepa ku China.

Chachinayi, malamulo ndi njira zoyesera za zinthu zoletsa moto.

Zida zamkati zamagalimoto zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

Zipangizo zopangidwa ndi ulusi (monga mipando, makapeti, malamba) - zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso zolumikizana mwachindunji ndi apaulendo.
Zida zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki.
Zida zopangidwa ndi mphira.

Zipangizo zopangidwa ndi ulusi, zomwe zimayaka kwambiri komanso zoyandikana kwambiri ndi anthu okwera, zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu pakayaka moto. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zina zamagalimoto, monga mabatire ndi mainjini, zimakhala pafupi ndi zida za nsalu, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wamoto. Chifukwa chake, kuphunzira kuchedwa kwa malawi a zida zamkati zamagalimoto ndikofunikira kuti zichedwetse kuyaka komanso kupereka nthawi yochulukirapo yothawa kwa okwera.

02 Gulu la Zingwe Zotsalira za Flame Retardant

Pazovala zamafakitale, nsalu zamagalimoto zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu. Galimoto yonyamula anthu ambiri imakhala ndi zinthu zamkati zokwana 20-40 kg, zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi nsalu, kuphatikiza zophimba pamipando, ma cushion, malamba, malamba, ndi zotchingira pamutu. Zida izi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chitetezo cha madalaivala ndi okwera, zomwe zimafunikira kuti zinthu zoletsa moto zichepetse kufalikira ndikuwonjezera nthawi yothawa.

Ulusi woletsa motoamatanthauzidwa ngati ulusi womwe suyatsa kapena kuwotcha mosakwanira pokhudzana ndi gwero lamoto, kutulutsa malawi ochepa komanso kuzimitsa yokha mwachangu pomwe gwero lamoto lichotsedwa. Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuyaka, ndi LOI pamwamba pa 21% kusonyeza kutsika kochepa.

Ulusi woletsa moto umagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

Mwachibadwa Flame Retardant Fibers
Ulusiwu uli ndi magulu otchinga malawi omangika m'maketani awo a polima, kumathandizira kukhazikika kwamafuta, kumawonjezera kutentha kwanyengo, kupondereza kutulutsa mpweya woyaka, komanso kulimbikitsa mapangidwe amoto. Zitsanzo ndi izi:

Ulusi wa Aramid (mwachitsanzo, para-aramid, meta-aramid)
Ulusi wa polyimide (mwachitsanzo, Kermel, P84)
Ulusi wa polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).
Polybenzimidazole (PBI) fibers
Ulusi wa melamine (mwachitsanzo, Basofil)

Ulusi wa Meta-aramid, polysulfonamide, polyimide, ndi PPS wapangidwa kale ku China.

Zosintha Zowonongeka za Flame Retardant
Ulusi uwu umakhala ndi vuto lamoto kudzera mu zowonjezera kapena mankhwala opangira pamwamba, kuphatikizapo:

Polyester woyaka moto
Nayiloni yotchinga moto
Viscose yoletsa moto
Flame retardant polypropylene

Njira zosinthira zimaphatikizapo copolymerization, kuphatikiza, kupota kophatikiza, kulumikiza, ndi kumaliza.

03 Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Fiber Ogwira Ntchito Kwambiri a Flame Retardant mu Chitetezo cha Magalimoto

Zida zowotcha moto wamagalimoto ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni chifukwa chazovuta za malo. Mosiyana ndi ntchito zina, zidazi ziyenera kukana kuyatsa kapena kuwonetsa kuwotcha koyendetsedwa bwino (mwachitsanzo, ≤70 mm/min pamagalimoto onyamula anthu).

Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro amaphatikizapo:

Kuchuluka kwa utsi komanso kutulutsa mpweya wapoizoni pang'onokuonetsetsa chitetezo cha okwera.
Antistatic katundukuteteza moto wobwera chifukwa cha nthunzi wamafuta kapena kuwunjikana fumbi.

Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti galimoto iliyonse imagwiritsa ntchito 20-42 m² wa nsalu, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwakukulu kwa nsalu zamagalimoto. Zovala izi zimagawika m'magulu ogwira ntchito komanso okongoletsa, ndikugogomezera kwambiri magwiridwe antchito, makamaka kuchedwa kwamoto - chifukwa cha chitetezo.

Nsalu zotchinga moto zowoneka bwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu: