Mapangidwe Osasinthika a Ufa wa Polyurethane AB

Mapangidwe Osasinthika a Ufa wa Polyurethane AB
Kutengera kufunikira kwa ma formula oletsa moto opanda halogen a polyurethane AB glues, kuphatikiza makhalidwe ndi zotsatira zogwirizana za ma retardants a moto monga aluminium hypophosphite (AHP), aluminium hydroxide (ATH), zinc borate, ndi melamine cyanurate (MCA), njira zitatu zotsatirazi zopangira ma compounding zapangidwa. Ma formula awa alibe chlorine ndipo amayang'ana kwambiri pakukonza bwino ma retardants a moto, kugwirizanitsa magwiridwe antchito, komanso kuthekera kwa njira:

1. Kupanga kwa Moto Wosatha (Kugwiritsa ntchito potting yamagetsi, kuyika batri, UL94 V-0)

Kuphatikiza Kosatha kwa Moto Wamphamvu Kwambiri:

• Aluminium hypophosphite (AHP): 8-12 phr (mtundu wamadzi wophimbidwa ndi polyurethane womwe umalimbikitsidwa kuthana ndi mavuto a mvula)
• Aluminium hydroxide (ATH): 20-25 phr (gawo la submicron, 0.2-1.0 μm, kuti iwonjezere kuchuluka kwa okosijeni ndi kukhuthala kwa char)
• MCA: 5-8 phr (njira yogwiritsira ntchito gawo la mpweya, yogwirizana ndi AHP mu gawo lofupikitsidwa)
• Zinc borate: 3-5 phr (imalimbikitsa kupangika kwa ceramic char ndikuletsa kufuka kwa utsi)

Magwiridwe Oyembekezeredwa:

• Chizindikiro cha okosijeni (LOI): ≥32% (PU yoyera ≈22%);
• Mlingo wa UL94: V-0 (kukhuthala kwa 1.6 mm);
• Kutentha kwa mpweya: 0.45-0.55 W/m·K (komwe kumaperekedwa ndi ATH ndi zinc borate);
• Kuwongolera kukhuthala: 25,000-30,000 cP (kukonza pamwamba kumafunika kuti madzi asalowe).

Njira Yofunika:

• AHP iyenera kufalikira kale mu gawo la polyol (Gawo A) kuti ipewe kuyankha msanga ndi isocyanate (Gawo B);
• ATH iyenera kusinthidwa ndi silane coupling agent (monga, KH-550) kuti iwonjezere mgwirizano wa interfacial.

2. Kupanga Kotsika Mtengo (Pomangira, kumangirira mipando, cholinga cha UL94 V-1)

Kuphatikiza Kosatha kwa Moto Wamphamvu Kwambiri:

• Aluminium hydroxide (ATH): 30-40 phr (yokhazikika ya micron-grade, yotsika mtengo, yoletsa moto ngati filler);
• Ammonium polyphosphate (APP): 10-15 phr (yophatikizidwa ndi MCA ya dongosolo lolowera m'mimba, m'malo mwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi halogenated);
• MCA: 5-7 phr (chiŵerengero cha APP 1:2~1:3, chimalimbikitsa thovu ndi kusungunula mpweya);
• Zinc borate: 5 phr (kuletsa utsi, kupanga ma char othandizira).

Magwiridwe Oyembekezeredwa:

• LOI: ≥28%;
• Mlingo wa UL94: V-1;
• Kuchepetsa mtengo: ~30% (poyerekeza ndi njira yochepetsera moto kwambiri);
• Kusunga mphamvu yokoka: ≥80% (APP imafuna kutsekeredwa kuti isalowe m'madzi).

Njira Yofunika:

• APP iyenera kukhala yotetezedwa pang'ono (monga melamine-formaldehyde resin) kuti isayamwitse chinyezi ndi kupanga thovu;
• Onjezani 1-2 phr hydrophobic fumed silica (monga Aerosil R202) kuti muchepetse kukhazikika.

3. Kupanga Kosavuta Kwambiri (Kuti pakhale kulumikizana kwamagetsi kolondola, komwe kumafuna kuyenda bwino)

Kuphatikiza Kosatha kwa Moto Wamphamvu Kwambiri:

• Aluminium hypophosphite (AHP): 5-8 phr (yokhala ndi nanosized, D50 ≤1 μm);
• Choletsa moto cha phosphorous chamadzimadzi (njira ina ya BDP): 8-10 phr (monga, zotumphukira za DMMP zopanda phosphorous, zomwe zimasunga kukhuthala);
• Aluminium hydroxide (ATH): 15 phr (yozungulira alumina composite, yolinganiza kutentha kwa mpweya);
• MCA: Ma phr 3-5.

Magwiridwe Oyembekezeredwa:

• Kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala: 10,000-15,000 cP (pafupi ndi makina oletsa moto amadzimadzi);
• Kulephera kwa lawi: UL94 V-0 (yowonjezeredwa ndi phosphorous yamadzimadzi);
• Kutentha kwa mpweya: ≥0.6 W/m·K (komwe kumapangidwa ndi alumina yozungulira).

Njira Yofunika:

• AHP ndi alumina yozungulira ziyenera kusakanikirana bwino ndikufalikira pansi pa kudulidwa kwakukulu (≥2000 rpm);
• Onjezani desiccant ya 4-6 phr molecular sieve ku Part B kuti mupewe kuyamwa kwa chinyezi cha AHP.

4. Mfundo Zaukadaulo Zophatikizana & Mayankho Ena

1. Njira Zogwirira Ntchito Pamodzi:

• AHP + MCA:AHP imalimbikitsa kusowa madzi m'thupi komanso kuyaka, pomwe MCA imatulutsa mpweya wa nayitrogeni ikatenthedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale ngati char ngati uchi.
• ATH + Zinc borate:ATH imatenga kutentha (1967 J/g), ndipo zinc borate imapanga galasi la borate kuti liphimbe pamwamba pake.

2. Zinthu Zina Zoletsa Moto:

• Zochokera ku polyphosphate:Yogwira ntchito bwino komanso yoteteza chilengedwe, yokhala ndi HCl yochokera ku zinthu zina;
• Epoxy silicone resin (ESR):Akaphatikizidwa ndi AHP, amachepetsa katundu wonse (18% pa V-0) ndipo amawongolera mawonekedwe a makina.

3. Kuwongolera Zoopsa pa Njira:

• Kutulutsa dothi:Mankhwala oletsa kukhazikika (monga mitundu yosinthidwa ndi polyurea) amafunika ngati kukhuthala kuli pansi pa 10,000 cP;
• Kuchiza kuletsa:Pewani zinthu zoletsa moto za alkaline kwambiri (monga MCA) kuti mupewe kusokoneza zochita za isocyanate.

5. Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito

• Yesani kuyesa njira yochepetsera moto kwambiri: AHP + submicron ATH (kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono 0.5 μm) pa AHP:ATH:MCA = 10:20:5 kuti muyambe kukonza bwino.
• Mayeso ofunikira:
  → LOI (GB/T 2406.2) ndi UL94 vertical burn;
  → Mphamvu ya mgwirizano pambuyo pa kutentha (-30℃ ~ 100℃, maola 200);
  → Kugwa kwa moto woletsa kutentha pambuyo pa kukalamba msanga (60℃/7d).

Table Yopangira Zinthu Zofanana ndi Lawi