Chiyambi cha Zoletsa Moto Zochokera ku Nayitrogeni za Nayiloni

Chiyambi cha Zoletsa Moto Zochokera ku Nayitrogeni za Nayiloni

Zinthu zoletsa moto zochokera ku nayitrogeni zimadziwika ndi poizoni wochepa, kusawononga, kukhazikika kwa kutentha ndi UV, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino moto, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa. Komabe, zovuta zake ndi monga mavuto pokonza ndi kusabalalika bwino mu matrix ya polima. Zinthu zoletsa moto zochokera ku nayitrogeni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nayitrogeni ndi monga MCA (melamine cyanurate), melamine, ndi MPP (melamine polyphosphate).

Njira yoletsa moto imaphatikizapo mbali ziwiri:

1. Njira Yachilengedwe ya "Sublimation and Endothermic": Choletsa moto chimachepetsa kutentha kwa pamwamba pa zinthu za polima ndikuchipatula ku mpweya kudzera mu sublimation ndi kuyamwa kutentha.
2. Kukonza Kaboneti ndi Njira Yopangira Kaboneti mu Gawo Lotsekedwa: Choletsa moto chimagwirizana ndi nayiloni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kabonetiyo ikule mwachindunji.

MCA imagwira ntchito ziwiri mu njira yoletsa moto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale woipa komanso kuti utuluke thovu. Kagwiridwe kake ka zinthu zoletsa moto komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa nayiloni. Kafukufuku pa MCA ndi MPP mu PA6 ndi PA66 akuwonetsa kuti zinthu zoletsa motozi zimayambitsa kulumikizana kwa PA66 koma zimapangitsa kuti PA6 iwonongeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti PA66 ikhale yoletsa moto bwino kuposa PA6.

1. Melamine Cyanurate (MCA)

MCA imapangidwa kuchokera ku melamine ndi cyanuric acid m'madzi, ndikupanga chowonjezera cholumikizidwa ndi hydrogen. Ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chopanda halogen, chopanda poizoni wambiri, komanso choletsa moto chochepa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma polima a nayiloni. Komabe, MCA yachikhalidwe imakhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri (amawola ndi kusungunuka pamwamba pa 400°C) ndipo imatha kusakanikirana ndi ma resin okhala ndi tinthu tolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufalikira kosagwirizana komanso kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a moto. Kuphatikiza apo, MCA imagwira ntchito makamaka mu gawo la mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupangika kochepa komanso zigawo za kaboni zomasuka, zosateteza panthawi yoyaka.

Pofuna kuthana ndi mavutowa, ukadaulo wa molecular composite wagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha MCA mwa kuyambitsa chowonjezera choletsa moto (WEX), chomwe chimachepetsa kusungunuka kwa MCA, zomwe zimathandiza kusungunuka pamodzi ndi kufalikira kwa ultra-fine ndi PA6. WEX imathandizanso kupanga char panthawi yoyaka, kukonza ubwino wa carbon layer ndikulimbitsa mphamvu ya MCA yoletsa moto, potero kupanga zinthu zoletsa moto zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.

2. Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR)

IFR ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopewera moto yopanda halogen. Ubwino wake kuposa zinthu zopewera moto zokhala ndi halogen ndi monga kutulutsa utsi pang'ono komanso kutulutsa mpweya wopanda poizoni panthawi yoyaka. Kuphatikiza apo, char wosanjikiza wopangidwa ndi IFR ukhoza kuyamwa polima wosungunuka, woyaka, kuteteza kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kufalikira kwa moto.

Zigawo zazikulu za IFR ndi izi:

• Gwero la mpweya (mankhwala okhala ndi melamine)
• Gwero la asidi (phosphorous-nitrogen lawi retardants)
• Gwero la kaboni (nayiloni yokha)
• Zowonjezera zogwirizanitsa (monga zinc borate, aluminium hydroxide) ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi madontho.

Pamene chiŵerengero cha misa ya zinthu zoletsa moto za phosphorous-nayitrogeni ndi mankhwala okhala ndi melamine ndi:

• Pansi pa 1%: Kusakwanira kwa mphamvu yoletsa moto.
• Kupitirira 30%: Kusakhazikika kumachitika panthawi yokonza.
• Pakati pa 1%–30% (makamaka 7%–20%): Kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komwe kumaletsa moto popanda kusokoneza kuthekera kokonza.

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