Nkhani

Lingaliro la Kuyesa Kubweza Moto

Kuyesa kwa retardant rating ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuthekera kwa chinthu kukana kufalikira kwa moto. Miyezo yodziwika bwino ikuphatikizapo UL94, IEC 60695-11-10, ndi GB/T 5169.16. Mu UL94 yokhazikika,Kuyesa Kuyaka kwa Zipangizo Zapulasitiki za Zigawo mu Zipangizo ndi Zipangizo Zamagetsi, ziwerengero zoletsa moto zimagawidwa m'magawo 12 kutengera kuuma ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa mayesowo: HB, V-2, V-1, V-0, 5VA, 5VB, VTM-0, VTM-1, VTM-2, HBF, HF1, ndi HF2.

Kawirikawiri, ziwerengero zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zoletsa moto zimayambira pa V-0 mpaka V-2, ndipo V-0 imasonyeza bwino kwambiri zoletsa moto.

1.1 Matanthauzidwe a Ziwerengero Zinayi Zoletsa Moto

HB (Kutentha Molunjika):
Chiyerekezo cha HB chikuwonetsa kuti zinthuzo zimayaka pang'onopang'ono koma sizimadzimitsa zokha. Ndi mulingo wotsika kwambiri mu UL94 ndipo nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene njira zoyesera zoyima (V-0, V-1, kapena V-2) sizikugwira ntchito.

V-2 (Kutentha Koyima - Gawo 2):
Chiyerekezo cha V-2 chimatanthauza kuti chinthucho chimayesedwa kawiri ndi lawi loyima kwa masekondi 10. Lawi litachotsedwa, nthawi yoyaka ya chinthucho siipitirira masekondi 30, ndipo ikhoza kuyatsa thonje lomwe lili pansi pa 30 cm. Komabe, lawilo siliyenera kufalikira pamwamba pa mzere wolembedwa.

V-1 (Kutentha Koyima - Gawo 1):
Chiyerekezo cha V-1 chimatanthauza kuti chinthucho chimayesedwa kawiri ndi lawi loyima kwa masekondi 10. Lawi litachotsedwa, nthawi yoyaka ya chinthucho siyenera kupitirira masekondi 30, ndipo lawilo siliyenera kufalikira pamwamba pa mzere wolembedwa kapena kuyatsa thonje lomwe lili pansi pa 30 cm.

V-0 (Kutentha Koyima – Gawo 0):
Chiyerekezo cha V-0 chimatanthauza kuti chinthucho chimayesedwa kawiri ndi lawi loyima kwa masekondi 10. Lawi litachotsedwa, nthawi yoyaka ya chinthucho siyenera kupitirira masekondi 10, ndipo lawilo siliyenera kufalikira pamwamba pa mzere wolembedwa kapena kuyatsa thonje lomwe lili pansi pa 30 cm.

1.2 Chiyambi cha Ma Rating Ena Oletsa Moto

5VA ndi 5VB zili m'gulu la mayeso oyatsa moto pogwiritsa ntchito lawi loyesera la 500W (kutalika kwa lawi la 125mm).

5VA (Kuyatsa Koyima - Mulingo wa 5VA):
Chiyeso cha 5VA ndi gulu la muyezo wa UL94. Zimasonyeza kuti lawi likachotsedwa, nthawi yoyaka ya chinthucho siipitirira masekondi 60, lawilo siliyenera kufalikira pamwamba pa mzere wolembedwa, ndipo lawi lililonse lotuluka siliyenera kupitirira masekondi 60.

5VB (Kutentha Koyima - Mlingo wa 5VB):
Chiyeso cha 5VB chikufanana ndi 5VA, ndi muyezo womwewo wa nthawi yoyaka ndi kufalikira kwa lawi.

VTM-0, VTM-1, VTM-2 ndi magulu a zinthu zoonda (makulidwe < 0.025mm) m'mayeso oyatsa oyima (kutalika kwa lawi la 20mm), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mafilimu apulasitiki.

VTM-0 (Kuyatsa Thireyi Yoyima – Gawo 0):
Chiyerekezo cha VTM-0 chimatanthauza kuti lawi likachotsedwa, nthawi yoyaka ya chinthucho siipitirira masekondi 10, ndipo lawilo siliyenera kufalikira pamwamba pa mzere wolembedwa.

VTM-1 (Kuyatsa Thireyi Yoyima – Gawo 1):
Chiyerekezo cha VTM-1 chimatanthauza kuti lawi likachotsedwa, nthawi yoyaka ya chinthucho siipitirira masekondi 30, ndipo lawilo siliyenera kufalikira pamwamba pa mzere wolembedwa.

VTM-2 (Kuyatsa Thireyi Yoyima – Gawo 2):
Chiyeso cha VTM-2 chili ndi zofunikira zomwezo monga VTM-1.

HBF, HF1, HF2 ndi magulu a mayeso oyatsa moto opingasa pa zinthu zopangidwa ndi thovu (kutalika kwa lawi la 38mm).

HBF (Zipangizo Zoyatsira Thovu Zoyatsira Molunjika):
Chiyerekezo cha HBF chimatanthauza kuti liwiro loyaka la zinthu zopangidwa ndi thovu silipitirira 40 mm/min, ndipo lawilo liyenera kuzimitsidwa lisanafike pamzere wolembedwa wa 125 mm.

HF-1 (Kutentha Molunjika - Gawo 1):
Chiŵerengero cha HF-1 chimatanthauza kuti lawi likachotsedwa, nthawi yoyaka ya chinthucho siipitirira masekondi 5, ndipo lawilo siliyenera kufalikira pamwamba pa mzere wolembedwa.

HF-2 (Kutentha Molunjika - Gawo 2):
Chiyerekezo cha HF-2 chimatanthauza kuti lawi likachotsedwa, nthawi yoyaka ya chinthucho siipitirira masekondi 10, ndipo lawilo siliyenera kufalikira pamwamba pa mzere wolembedwa.

Cholinga cha Kuyesa Kuyesa Kubweza Moto

Zolinga za mayeso oletsa moto ndi izi:

2.1 Kuwunika Kugwira Ntchito kwa Kuyaka kwa Zinthu

Kudziwa liwiro la kuyaka kwa chinthu, kufalikira kwa malawi, ndi kufalikira kwa moto pakakhala moto kumathandiza kuwona chitetezo chake, kudalirika kwake, komanso kuyenerera kwake kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosapsa ndi moto.

2.2 Kudziwa Kutha Kuletsa Moto

Kuyesa kumazindikira kuthekera kwa chinthu kuletsa kufalikira kwa moto chikakumana ndi gwero la moto, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri popewa kufalikira kwa moto ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka.

2.3 Kusankha ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Zofunika

Poyerekeza mphamvu za zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoletsa moto, kuyesa kumathandiza kusankha zipangizo zoyenera zomangira, zoyendera, zamagetsi, ndi zina kuti ziwonjezere chitetezo cha moto.

2.4 Kutsatira Malamulo ndi Miyezo

Kuyesa koletsa moto nthawi zambiri kumachitika motsatira malamulo adziko kapena amakampani. Kumaonetsetsa kuti zipangizozo zikukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo ndi kutsata malamulo a ntchito zinazake.

Mwachidule, mayeso oletsa moto amapereka deta yofunika kwambiri posankha zinthu, kukonza chitetezo cha moto, komanso kutsatira malamulo poyesa momwe moto umayendera komanso kukana moto.

Miyezo Yofotokozera

UL94:Kuyesa Kuyaka kwa Zipangizo Zapulasitiki za Zigawo mu Zipangizo ndi Zipangizo Zamagetsi
IEC 60695-11-10:2013: *Kuyesa Ngozi ya Moto – Gawo 11-10: Kuyesa Malawi – Njira Zoyesera Malawi Opingasa ndi Oyima a 50 W*
GB/T 5169.16-2017: *Kuyesa Ngozi ya Moto pa Zinthu Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi – Gawo 16: Malawi Oyesera – Njira Zoyesera Lawi Lopingasa ndi Loyima la 50W*

Njira Zoyesera za HB, V-2, V-1, ndi V-0

4.1 Kuwotcha Molunjika (HB)

4.1.1 Zofunikira pa Zitsanzo

Mawonekedwe: Mapepala (odulidwa, opangidwa ndi dothi, otulutsidwa, ndi zina zotero) okhala ndi m'mbali zosalala, malo oyera, komanso olemera mofanana.
Miyeso: 125±5mm (kutalika) × 13±0.5mm (m'lifupi). Zitsanzo zocheperako ndi makulidwe a 3mm zimafunika pokhapokha makulidwe atapitirira 3mm. Kuchuluka kwakukulu ≤13mm, m'lifupi ≤13.5mm, ngodya yozungulira ≤1.3mm.
Zosiyanasiyana: Zitsanzo zoyimira mitundu/kuchulukana kosiyanasiyana.
Kuchuluka: Ma seti osachepera awiri, zitsanzo zitatu pa seti iliyonse.

4.1.2 Njira Yoyesera

Kulemba: mizere 25±1mm ndi 100±1mm.
Kumangirira: Gwirani pafupi ndi mapeto a 100mm, mopingasa m'litali, m'lifupi mwa 45°±2°, ndi waya wolumikizira 100±1mm pansi.
Lawi: Kutuluka kwa methane 105ml/min, kuthamanga kwa kumbuyo 10mm mzati wamadzi, kutalika kwa lawi 20±1mm.
Kuyatsa: Ikani lawi pa 45° kwa masekondi 30±1 kapena mpaka kuyatsa kufika pa 25mm.
Nthawi: Lembani nthawi ndi kutalika kwa moto (L) kuyambira 25mm mpaka 100mm.
Kuwerengera: Liwiro la kuyaka (V) = 60L/t (mm/min).

4.1.3 Zolemba za Mayeso

Kaya lawi lifike 25±1mm kapena 100±1mm.
Kutalika koyaka (L) ndi nthawi (t) pakati pa 25mm ndi 100mm.
Ngati lawi la moto lidutsa 100mm, lembani nthawi kuyambira 25mm mpaka 100mm.
Liwiro loyaka lowerengedwa.

4.1.4 Zofunikira pa Kuyeza kwa HB

Kwa makulidwe a 3–13mm: Liwiro loyaka ≤40mm/mphindi kuposa 75mm.
Kwa makulidwe a <3mm: Liwiro loyaka ≤75mm/mphindi kuposa 75mm.
Lawi liyenera kuyima lisanafike 100mm.

4.2 Kuwotcha Molunjika (V-2, V-1, V-0)

4.2.1 Zofunikira pa Zitsanzo

Mawonekedwe: Mapepala okhala ndi m'mbali zosalala, malo oyera, komanso okhuthala mofanana.
Miyeso: 125±5mm × 13.0±0.5mm. Perekani zitsanzo za makulidwe ang'onoang'ono/osapitirira; ngati zotsatira zikusiyana, zitsanzo zapakati (≤3.2mm kutalika) ndizofunikira.
Zosiyanasiyana: Zitsanzo zoyimira mitundu/kuchulukana kosiyanasiyana.
Kuchuluka: Ma seti osachepera awiri, zitsanzo 5 pa seti iliyonse.

4.2.2 Kukonza Zitsanzo

Muyezo: 23±2°C, 50±5% RH kwa maola 48; yesani mkati mwa mphindi 30 mutachotsa.
Uvuni: 70±1°C kwa ≥168h, kenako muziziritse mu desiccator kwa ≥4h; yesani mkati mwa mphindi 30.

4.2.3 Njira Yoyesera

Kukanikiza: Gwirani pamwamba pa 6mm, molunjika molunjika, pansi pa 300±10mm pamwamba pa thonje (0.08g, 50×50mm, ≤6mm makulidwe).
Lawi: Kutuluka kwa methane 105ml/min, kuthamanga kwa kumbuyo 10mm mzati wamadzi, kutalika kwa lawi 20±1mm.
Kuyatsa: Ikani lawi m'mphepete mwa chitsanzo (kutalika kwa 10±1mm) kwa masekondi 10±0.5. Sinthani ngati chitsanzo chawonongeka.
Nthawi: Lembani pambuyo pa moto (t1) mutatha kuyatsa koyamba, ikaninso moto kwa masekondi 10±0.5, kenako lembani pambuyo pa moto (t2) ndi pambuyo pa moto (t3).
Zindikirani: Ngati madzi akutuluka, pendeketsani choyatsira moto pa madigiri 45. Musanyalanyaze zitsanzo ngati lawi lazimitsa chifukwa cha mpweya woipa.