Njira Yosungunula ndi Kubalalitsira Zoletsa Moto Zolimba mu Polyurethane AB Adhesive System

Njira Yosungunula ndi Kubalalitsira Zoletsa Moto Zolimba mu Polyurethane AB Adhesive System

Pa kusungunuka/kufalikira kwa zinthu zolimba zoletsa moto monga aluminium hypophosphite (AHP), aluminium hydroxide (ATH), zinc borate, ndi melamine cyanurate (MCA) mu dongosolo la polyurethane AB, njira zofunika kwambiri zimaphatikizapo kuchiza pasadakhale, kufalikira pang'onopang'ono, komanso kuwongolera chinyezi mwamphamvu. Pansipa pali njira yofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane (ya mitundu yoletsa moto kwambiri; mitundu ina ikhoza kusinthidwa moyenerera).

I. Mfundo Zazikulu

1. "Kusungunuka" kwenikweni ndi kufalikira: Zoletsa moto zolimba ziyenera kufalikira mofanana mu polyol (A-component) kuti zipange kuyimitsidwa kokhazikika.
2. Kuchiza zinthu zoletsa moto pasadakhale: Kuthetsa mavuto okhudzana ndi kuyamwa kwa chinyezi, kusonkhana kwa madzi, komanso kuchitapo kanthu pogwiritsa ntchito isocyanate.
3. Kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono: Onjezani zinthu motsatira kuchulukana ndi kukula kwa tinthu kuti mupewe kuchuluka kwambiri komwe kulipo.
4. Kulamulira chinyezi mozama: Madzi amadya isocyanate (-NCO) yomwe ili mu B-component, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isaume bwino.

II. Njira Yogwirira Ntchito Mwatsatanetsatane (Kutengera magawo 100 a polyol mu gawo la A)

Gawo 1: Chithandizo Choletsa Moto Pasadakhale (maola 24 pasadakhale)

• Aluminium Hypophosphite (AHP, magawo 10):
  • Chophimba pamwamba ndi cholumikizira cha silane (KH-550) kapena cholumikizira cha titanate (NDZ-201):
    • Sakanizani magawo 0.5 a coupling agent + magawo awiri a anhydrous ethanol, sakanizani kwa mphindi 10 kuti hydrolysis ichitike.
    • Onjezani ufa wa AHP ndikusakaniza pa liwiro lapamwamba (1000 rpm) kwa mphindi 20.
    • Umitsani mu uvuni pa 80°C kwa maola awiri, kenako sungani mutatseka.
• Aluminium Hydroxide (ATH, magawo 25):
  • Gwiritsani ntchito ATH yosinthidwa ndi silane (monga Wandu WD-WF-20). Ngati simunasinthe, chitirani chimodzimodzi ndi AHP.
• MCA (zigawo 6) ndi Zinc Borate (zigawo 4):
  • Umitsani pa 60°C kwa maola anayi kuti muchotse chinyezi, kenako sefanizani ndi sikirini ya maukonde 300.

Gawo 2: Njira Yofalitsira ya A-Component (Polyol Side)

1. Kusakaniza Maziko:
   • Onjezani magawo 100 a polyol (monga polyether polyol PPG) mu chidebe chouma.
   • Onjezani magawo 0.3 a polyether-modified polysiloxane leveling agent (monga, BYK-333).
2. Kufalikira Kochepa Liwiro Lisanayambe:
   • Onjezani zinthu zoletsa moto motsatira dongosolo: ATH (magawo 25) → AHP (magawo 10) → zinc borate (magawo 4) → MCA (magawo 6).
   • Sakanizani pa 300-500 rpm kwa mphindi 10 mpaka ufa wouma usakhalepo.
3. Kufalikira Kwambiri:
   • Sinthani ku disperser yothamanga kwambiri (≥1500 rpm) kwa mphindi 30.
   • Kulamulira kutentha ≤50°C (kuletsa kusungunuka kwa polyol).
4. Kupera ndi Kukonza (Chofunika Kwambiri!):
   • Dulani mu mphero ya mipukutu itatu kapena mphero ya mchenga wa basiketi kawiri kapena katatu mpaka kusalala kwa ≤30μm (kuyesedwa kudzera mu Hegman gauge).
5. Kusintha kwa Kukhuthala ndi Kuchotsa Maonekedwe Oipa:
   • Onjezani magawo 0.5 a silica yonyowa ndi fume (Aerosil R202) kuti isakhazikike.
   • Onjezani magawo 0.2 a silicone defoamer (monga Tego Airex 900).
   • Sakanizani pa 200 rpm kwa mphindi 15 kuti muchotse mpweya.

Gawo 3: Chithandizo cha B-Component (Isocyanate Side)

• Onjezani magawo 4-6 a molecular sefa (monga, Zeochem 3A) ku B-component (monga, MDI prepolymer) kuti muyamwitse chinyezi.
• Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoletsa moto za phosphorous (zosavimbika kwambiri), sakanizani mwachindunji mu B-component ndikusakaniza kwa mphindi 10.

Gawo 4: Kusakaniza ndi Kukonza Zinthu za AB

• Chiŵerengero cha kusakaniza: Tsatirani kapangidwe koyambirira ka guluu wa AB (monga, A:B = 100:50).
• Njira yosakaniza:
  • Gwiritsani ntchito chosakaniza cha mapulaneti chokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena chubu chosakaniza chosasinthasintha.
  • Sakanizani kwa mphindi 2-3 mpaka zitakhala zofanana (osalumikiza).
• Matenda ochiritsa:
  • Kutentha kwa chipinda: maola 24 (kuwonjezeka ndi 30% chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa kutentha komwe kumaletsa moto).
  • Kuchira mwachangu: 60°C/maola awiri (onetsetsani zotsatira zake kuti palibe thovu).

III. Mfundo Zofunika Zowongolera Njira

IV. Njira Zina Zofalitsira (Popanda Zida Zopera)

1. Kukonza mpira musanagwiritse ntchito:
   • Sakanizani zinthu zoletsa moto ndi polyol pa chiŵerengero cha 1:1, pukutani mpira kwa maola 4 (mipira ya zirconia, kukula kwa 2mm).
2. Njira ya Masterbatch:
   • Konzani 50% masterbatch yoletsa moto (polyol ngati chonyamulira), kenako sungunulani musanagwiritse ntchito.
3. Kufalikira kwa akupanga:
   • Ikani ultrasonication (20kHz, 500W, mphindi 10) pa slurry yosakanikirana kale (yoyenera magulu ang'onoang'ono).

V. Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito

1. Kuyesa pang'ono koyamba: Yesani ndi 100g ya A-component, kuyang'ana kwambiri kukhazikika kwa kukhuthala (kusintha kwa maola 24 <10%) ndi liwiro lotha kuchira.
2. Lamulo lowonjezera lawi loletsa moto:
   • “Cholemera choyamba, chopepuka pambuyo pake; chabwino choyamba, cholimba pambuyo pake” → ATH (cholemera) → AHP (chochepa) → zinc borate (yapakatikati) → MCA (yopepuka/yolimba).
3. Kuthetsa mavuto mwadzidzidzi:
   • Kuwonjezeka kwa kukhuthala kwadzidzidzi: Onjezani 0.5% propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) kuti muchepetse.
   • Kusagwira bwino ntchito: Onjezani 5% MDI yosinthidwa (monga Wanhua PM-200) ku B-component.