Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zoletsa Moto Zochokera ku Phosphorus mu PP

Zinthu zoletsa moto zochokera ku phosphorous ndi mtundu wa zinthu zoletsa moto zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, zodalirika, komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zomwe zakopa chidwi chachikulu kuchokera kwa ofufuza. Zinthu zodabwitsa zachitika mu kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake.

1. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zoletsa Moto Zochokera ku Phosphorus mu PP

Kapangidwe ka polypropylene (PP) kamakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zake zamafakitale. Komabe, index yake yochepa ya okosijeni (LOI) ndi pafupifupi 17.5% yokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyaka kwambiri komanso yoyaka mofulumira. Kufunika kwa zinthu za PP m'mafakitale kumakhudzidwa ndi kuchedwa kwa moto komanso kakhalidwe kake. M'zaka zaposachedwa, microencapsulation ndi kusintha kwa pamwamba kwakhala njira yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu za PP zomwe sizimayaka moto.

Chitsanzo 1: Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) yosinthidwa ndi silane coupling agent (KH-550) ndi silicone resin ethanol solution idagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu za PP. Pamene gawo la APP yosinthidwa lidafika pa 22%, LOI ya zinthuzo idakwera kufika pa 30.5%, pomwe mawonekedwe ake amakaniko adakwaniritsanso zofunikira ndipo zidagwira ntchito bwino kuposa zinthu za PP zomwe zidasinthidwa ndi APP yosasinthidwa.

Chitsanzo 2: APP idakulungidwa mu chipolopolo chopangidwa ndi melamine (MEL), mafuta a hydroxyl silicone, ndi formaldehyde resin kudzera mu in-situ polymerization. Kenako ma microcapsules adaphatikizidwa ndi pentaerythritol ndipo adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzinthu za PP kuti achepetse moto. Zipangizozo zidawonetsa kuchepera kwa moto kwabwino kwambiri, ndi LOI ya 32% ndi mayeso oyesera kuyaka a UL94 V-0. Ngakhale atamizidwa m'madzi otentha, chophatikizacho chidasungabe kuchepera kwa moto kwabwino komanso mphamvu zake zamakanika.

Chitsanzo 3: APP idasinthidwa poipaka ndi aluminiyamu hydroxide (ATH), ndipo APP yosinthidwayo idaphatikizidwa ndi dipentaerythritol pa chiŵerengero cha kulemera kwa 2.5:1 kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mu zinthu za PP. Pamene gawo lonse la kulemera kwa choletsa moto linali 25%, LOI idafika pa 31.8%, chiŵerengero cha kuchedwa kwa moto chidafika pa V-0, ndipo chiŵerengero chachikulu cha kutentha chinachepetsedwa kwambiri.

2. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zoletsa Moto Zochokera ku Phosphorus mu PS

Polystyrene (PS) imatha kuyaka kwambiri ndipo imapitiriza kuyaka pambuyo poti gwero la kuyaka lachotsedwa. Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto monga kutulutsa kutentha kwambiri komanso kufalikira kwa moto mwachangu, zinthu zoletsa moto zopangidwa ndi halogen zopanda phosphorous zimakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuletsa moto wa PS. Njira zodziwika bwino zoletsa moto wa PS zimaphatikizapo kupaka utoto, kuyikamo, kutsuka, ndi kuletsa moto pamlingo wa polymerization.

Chitsanzo 1: Guluu wothira moto wokhala ndi phosphorous wa PS wotha kukulitsidwa unapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya sol-gel pogwiritsa ntchito N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane ndi phosphoric acid. Thovu lothira moto la PS linapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yophikira. Pamene kutentha kunapitirira 700°C, thovu la PS lothira mafuta linapanga guluu wothira mafuta wopitirira 49%.

Ofufuza padziko lonse lapansi ayambitsa mapangidwe okhala ndi phosphorous okhala ndi lawi loletsa moto m'ma vinyl kapena acrylic compounds, omwe kenako amapangidwa ndi styrene kuti apange ma styrene copolymers atsopano okhala ndi phosphorous. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti poyerekeza ndi PS yoyera, ma styrene copolymers okhala ndi phosphorous amakhala ndi LOI ndi char residue yabwino kwambiri, zomwe zikusonyeza kukhazikika kwa kutentha komanso kuchedwa kwa moto.

Chitsanzo 2: Chomera cha vinyl-terminated oligomeric phosphate hybrid macromonomer (VOPP) chinalumikizidwa pa unyolo waukulu wa PS kudzera mu graft copolymerization. Chomera cha graft chinawonetsa kuchedwa kwa moto kudzera mu solid-phase mechanism. Pamene kuchuluka kwa VOPP kunakwera, LOI inakwera, kutentha kwakukulu kunatuluka komanso kutentha konse kunachepa, ndipo kusungunuka kunatha, zomwe zinawonetsa zotsatira zazikulu zoletsa moto.

Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zoletsa moto zopangidwa ndi phosphorous zomwe sizili zachilengedwe zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi mankhwala ndi zinthu zoletsa moto zopangidwa ndi graphite kapena nayitrogeni kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito poletsa moto zopangidwa ndi PS. Njira zophikira kapena kutsuka zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito poyika zinthu zoletsa moto zopangidwa ndi phosphorous ku PS, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti LOI ndi zotsalira za char zikhale bwino.

3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zoletsa Moto Zochokera ku Phosphorus ku PA

Polyamide (PA) imatha kuyaka kwambiri ndipo imatulutsa utsi wambiri ikayaka. Popeza PA imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zida zamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi, chiopsezo cha moto chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka amide mu unyolo wake waukulu, PA imatha kuchotsedwa pamoto pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo zowonjezera komanso zobwezera moto zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Pakati pa ma PA oletsa moto, mchere wa alkyl phosphinate ndi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Chitsanzo 1: Aluminium isobutylphosphinate (A-MBPa) inawonjezedwa ku PA6 matrix kuti ikonze zinthu zophatikizika. Pa nthawi yoyesa kuletsa moto, A-MBPa inawola isanafike PA6, ndikupanga char layer yolimba komanso yokhazikika yomwe inateteza PA6. Zinthuzo zinapeza LOI ya 26.4% ndi chiŵerengero cha kuletsa moto cha V-0.

Chitsanzo 2: Panthawi yopangidwa kwa hexamethylenediamine ndi adipic acid, 3 wt% ya bis(2-carboxyethyl)methylphosphine oxide (CEMPO) yoletsa moto inawonjezedwa kuti ipange PA66 yoletsa moto. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti PA66 yoletsa moto inali ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi PA66 yachizolowezi, yokhala ndi LOI yokwera kwambiri. Kusanthula kwa char layer kunawonetsa kuti pamwamba pa char yolimba ya PA66 yoletsa moto inali ndi ma pores amitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zinathandiza kupatula kutentha ndi mpweya, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti mphamvu yoletsa moto inali yodziwika bwino.

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