Kugwiritsa Ntchito Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants mu PP

Phosphorus-based flame retardants ndi mtundu wazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zodalirika, komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zamoto zomwe zachititsa chidwi kwambiri ofufuza. Zopambana zochititsa chidwi zachitika mwa kaphatikizidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake.

1. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants mu PP

Maonekedwe a polypropylene (PP) amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamafakitale ake. Komabe, cholozera chake chochepa cha oxygen (LOI) chili pafupi ndi 17.5% yokha, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyaka kwambiri ndikuyaka mwachangu. Kufunika kwa zida za PP pamafakitale kumakhudzidwa ndi kuchedwa kwawo kwa lawi komanso mawonekedwe ake. M'zaka zaposachedwa, microencapsulation ndi kusinthidwa kwapansi kwakhala njira yoyamba muzinthu za PP zoletsa moto.

Chitsanzo 1: Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) yosinthidwa ndi silane coupling agent (KH-550) ndi yankho la silicone resin ethanol linagwiritsidwa ntchito ku zipangizo za PP. Pamene gawo lalikulu la APP losinthidwa linafika 22%, LOI ya zinthuzo inakula kufika ku 30.5%, pamene makina ake amakakumananso ndi zofunikira komanso kupitirira PP zipangizo zoyaka moto-zochedwa ndi APP yosasinthidwa.

Chitsanzo 2: APP idakutidwa mu chipolopolo chopangidwa ndi melamine (MEL), mafuta a silikoni ya hydroxyl, ndi utomoni wa formaldehyde kudzera mu polima ya in-situ. Ma microcapsules adaphatikizidwa ndi pentaerythritol ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku zipangizo za PP zochepetsera moto. Zinthuzo zinawonetsa kuchedwa kwamoto kwabwino kwambiri, ndi LOI ya 32% komanso kuyesa koyima koyima kwa UL94 V-0. Ngakhale atatha kumizidwa m'madzi otentha, chophatikizikacho chinakhalabe ndi vuto lamoto komanso makina ake.

Chitsanzo cha 3: APP inasinthidwa ndikuyiyika ndi aluminiyamu hydroxide (ATH), ndipo APP yosinthidwa inaphatikizidwa ndi dipentaerythritol pamlingo waukulu wa 2.5: 1 kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mu zipangizo za PP. Pamene gawo lonse la misala lamoto woyaka moto linali 25%, LOI inafika 31.8%, chiwerengero cha retardancy chamoto chinapindula V-0, ndipo kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kunachepetsedwa kwambiri.

2. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants mu PS

Polystyrene (PS) ndi yoyaka kwambiri ndipo imapitiriza kuyaka pambuyo pochotsa gwero loyatsira. Kuti athane ndi zovuta monga kutulutsa kutentha kwambiri komanso kufalikira kwamoto mwachangu, zoziziritsa moto za halogen zopanda phosphorous zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchepetsa moto kwa PS. Njira zodziwikiratu zoletsa malawi a PS ndi monga zokutira, kulowetsedwa m'mimba, kutsuka, ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa malawi a polymerization.

Chitsanzo 1: Zomatira za phosphorous-flame-retardant for expandable PS zinapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya sol-gel pogwiritsa ntchito N-β-(aminoethyl) -γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane ndi phosphoric acid. Chithovu cha PS choletsa moto chinakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yokutira. Kutentha kukadutsa 700 ° C, thovu la PS lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomatira limapanga char wosanjikiza wopitilira 49%.

Ofufuza padziko lonse lapansi apanga zinthu zokhala ndi phosphorous-zoletsa moto m'magulu a vinyl kapena acrylic, omwe amapangidwanso ndi styrene kuti apange ma copolymer a phosphorous okhala ndi styrene. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti poyerekeza ndi PS yoyera, ma styrene copolymers okhala ndi phosphorous amawonetsa bwino kwambiri LOI ndi zotsalira za char, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukhazikika kwamafuta komanso kuchedwa kwamoto.

Chitsanzo 2: Vinyl-terminated oligomeric phosphate hybrid macromonomer (VOPP) anamezetsanidwa pa unyolo waukulu wa PS kudzera pa graft copolymerization. The graft copolymer inkawonetsa kuchedwa kwa lawi kudzera pamakina olimba. Pamene zomwe zili mu VOPP zidachulukira, LOI idakwera, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso kutulutsa kwathunthu kwa kutentha kunatsika, ndipo kusungunuka kwamadzi kumasowa, kuwonetsa zotsatira zazikulu zoletsa moto.

Kuonjezera apo, zotsalira zamoto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi phosphorous zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi ma graphite kapena nitrogen-based flame retardants kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mu PS flame retardancy. Njira zokutira kapena zotsuka zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito poyika zoletsa moto zochokera ku phosphorous ku PS, kuwongolera kwambiri LOI ndi zotsalira zamoto.

3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants ku PA

Polyamide (PA) imatha kuyaka kwambiri ndipo imatulutsa utsi wambiri ikayaka. Popeza PA imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zamagetsi ndi zida, kuopsa kwa ngozi zamoto kumakhala koopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka amide mu tcheni chake chachikulu, PA imatha kuyimitsa moto pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, zonse zowonjezera komanso zoziziritsa kukhosi zalawi zowoneka bwino. Pakati pa ma PA oletsa moto, mchere wa alkyl phosphinate ndi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Chitsanzo 1: Aluminium isobutylphosphinate (A-MBPa) adawonjezeredwa ku PA6 matrix kuti akonze zinthu zophatikizika. Pakuyesa kubwezeredwa kwa moto, A-MBPa idawola pamaso pa PA6, ndikupanga chiwongolero cholimba komanso chokhazikika chomwe chimateteza PA6. Zomwe zidapangidwa zidapeza LOI ya 26.4% komanso kutsika kwamoto kwa V-0.

Chitsanzo 2: Pa polymerization ya hexamethylenediamine ndi adipic acid, 3 wt% ya flame retardant bis(2-carboxyethyl)methylphosphine oxide (CEMPO) idawonjezedwa kuti ipange PA66 yoletsa moto. Kafukufuku adawonetsa kuti PA66 yoletsa malawi amawonetsa kuchedwa kwamoto kwapamwamba poyerekeza ndi PA66 wamba, yokhala ndi LOI yokwera kwambiri. Kuwunika kwa chiwombankhangacho kudawonetsa kuti pamoto wokhuthala wa PA66 woletsa moto anali ndi timabowo tosiyanasiyana ting'onoting'ono, zomwe zidathandizira kudzipatula kutentha ndi kusamutsidwa kwa gasi, zomwe zikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito oletsa moto.

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