Pamene malamulo a EU REACH ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yokhudza chilengedwe ikukulirakulira, opanga zokutira zotetezera moto akukumana ndi mavuto akulu otsatira malamulo. Zoletsa pa ma halogen, zitsulo zolemera ndi ma PBDE zimapangitsa kuti mankhwala achikhalidwe asagulitsidwe, pomwe kufunikira kwa zinthu zotetezera moto m'mafakitale ndi m'magulu a anthu kukupitirirabe. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yothetsera kutsata malamulo ndi magwiridwe antchito, chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake okhazikika komanso opanda halogen.
REACH imaletsa mankhwala owopsa opitilira 2000, kuphatikizapo zinthu zoletsa moto zokhala ndi halogenated mu zophimba zachikhalidwe. Ma PBB ndi ma PBDE ndi oletsedwa chifukwa cha kupirira kwawo komanso poizoni wawo, ndipo opanga omwe satsatira malamulo akukumana ndi kumangidwa, chindapusa kapena kuchotsedwa pamsika.
Kupatula kutsatira malamulo, zinthu zoletsa moto zokhala ndi halogenated zimatulutsa mpweya woopsa zikawotchedwa ndipo sizigwirizana bwino ndi epoxy/acrylic resins, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwa kutentha ndi kuchepa kwa kuuma—zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunika kwa njira zina zobiriwira.
Popeza ndi chida choletsa moto chosapangidwa ndi halogen, APP imakwaniritsa zofunikira za REACH mwachibadwa. Chigawo chake chachikulu (NH4)n+2PnO3n+1 chilibe zinthu zoletsedwa ndipo chimalembetsedwa ndi REACH. Ndi kapangidwe koyera ka kristalo (malo osungunuka 240-280℃, kutentha kwa kuwonongeka >300℃), imakhala yolimba ikamalizidwa.
APP imalepheretsa moto kudzera mu kapangidwe ka kaboni kotuluka m'thupi: kutentha kwambiri kumayambitsa kutulutsidwa kwa ammonia ndi polyphosphoric acid, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kaboni ipangidwe kuti ikhale yoteteza mpweya. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya halogenated, sipanga mpweya woipa, womwe umagwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika m'chilengedwe.
Kukonza kapangidwe kake kumatsegula kuthekera konse kwa APP. Pa zophimba zochokera m'madzi, APP yodziwika bwino m'mafakitale (n≥1000 polymerization degree) imatsimikizira kusungunuka ndi kugwirizana, zomwe zimaletsa mvula. Pa zophimba zochokera ku zosungunulira, kusintha kwa silane coupling agent kumawonjezera kufalikira ndi kumamatira.
APP imagwirizana bwino ndi melamine ndi pentaerythritol kuti ikhale ndi intumescent system. Mayeso a mafakitale amatsimikizira kuti zokutira zokhala ndi 25-30% APP (mass fraction) zimakwaniritsa mulingo wa GB/T 8624-2012 B1 woletsa moto komanso wogwirizana ndi kalasi 1, zomwe zimakwaniritsa ntchito zambiri.
Pakati pa kusintha kwa chilengedwe, APP imayendetsa kusintha kwa makampani opanga utoto woletsa moto. Makhalidwe ake opanda halogen, ogwirizana ndi malamulo komanso okhazikika amathetsa mavuto a REACH ndikuthandizira chitetezo cha moto—kuzindikira bwino kugwiritsa ntchito APP ndikofunikira kwa opanga kuti apikisane.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-27-2026
