Zotsatira za Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants pa Kulimbana ndi Moto kwa Nsalu

Zotsatira za Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants pa Kulimbana ndi Moto kwa Nsalu

Chifukwa cha chidziwitso chowonjezereka cha chitetezo, zida zosagwira moto zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Makamaka mu malonda a nsalu, kukana moto kwa nsalu kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo cha miyoyo ndi katundu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zida zatsopano za phosphorus-nitrogen retardants zakhala malo opangira kafukufuku chifukwa champhamvu zawo zoletsa moto komanso kusamala zachilengedwe. Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana zotsatira za mankhwala oletsa moto wa phosphorous-nitrogen pa kukana moto kwa nsalu kuchokera kumagulu angapo, kuphatikiza magawo enieni a mankhwala ndi deta yoyesera kuti afufuze momwe amachitira pogwiritsira ntchito.

1. Chidule cha Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants
   1.1 Tanthauzo ndi Kagawidwe ka Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants
   Phosphorus-nitrogen retardants ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amapangidwa makamaka ndi phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni monga zinthu zoletsa moto. Kutengera kapangidwe kawo, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu: organic phosphorous-nitrogen retardants ndi inorganic phosphorous-nitrogen retardants. organic phosphorous-nayitrogeni flame retardants makamaka phosphates, phosphoramides, etc., pamene inorganic phosphorous-nayitrogeni flame retardants monga ammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, etc.

1.2 Njira Yoletsa Moto wa Phosphorus-Nitrogen Retardants
Njira yoletsa moto yoletsa moto wa phosphorous-nitrogen retardants makamaka imaphatikizapo izi:
• Kuchedwa kwa malawi a gasi: Zotsalira za phosphorus-nitrogen zimawola pakatentha kwambiri kuti zipange phosphorous ndi nitrogen free radicals, zomwe zimatha kugwira ma free radicals panthawi yoyaka, potero zimasokoneza momwe zimayendera.
• Kuchedwa kwa malawi a condensed-phase: Zoletsa moto za phosphorus-nitrogen zimapanga chiwongolero chokhazikika pamene kuyaka, kumapatula mpweya ndi kutentha, ndikuletsa kufalikira kwa malawi.
• Synergistic effect: Phosphorus ndi nayitrogeni zimagwira ntchito mogwirizana panthawi yoletsa moto, kuwongolera bwino.

1. Makhalidwe a Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants
   2.1 Kukonda zachilengedwe
   Novel phosphorous-nitrogen retardants samatulutsa zinthu zoopsa kapena zovulaza panthawi yopanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito, kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), chinthu wamba phosphorus-nitrogen retardant malawi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani nsalu chifukwa cha kawopsedwe wochepa, halogen, ndi utsi.

2.2 Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri
Novel phosphorous-nitrogen retardants amapeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zoletsa moto pamilingo yotsika yowonjezera. Zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezera 5% ammonium polyphosphate kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa oxygen index (LOI) ya nsalu kuchoka pa 18% mpaka 28%.

2.3 Kukhalitsa
Novel phosphorous-nitrogen retardants amawonetsa kukana kwabwino kwa kusamba komanso kukana nyengo. Ntchito yawo yoletsa moto imakhalabe yokhazikika ngakhale atatsuka kangapo komanso atakhala nthawi yayitali kumadera achilengedwe.

1. Zotsatira za Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants pa Moto Resistance of Nsalu
   3.1 Kuchepetsa Mlozera wa Oxygen (LOI)
   Mlozera wochepera wa okosijeni ndi njira yofunikira pakuwunika momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito poletsa moto. Gome 1 limatchula mfundo za LOI za nsalu zingapo zodziwika bwino pambuyo powonjezera magawo osiyanasiyana azinthu zoletsa moto wa phosphorous-nitrogen.

Monga momwe tawonetsera mu Table 1, buku la phosphorus-nitrogen retardants lamoto likhoza kuonjezera kwambiri LOI za nsalu, ndi LOI ikukwera pamene ndalama zowonjezera zikuwonjezeka.

3.2 Kutulutsa kwa kutentha (HRR)
Kuthamanga kwa kutentha kumayesa kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumatulutsidwa panthawi yoyaka. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa ma curve a HRR a nsalu ya thonje atawonjezera magawo osiyanasiyana azinthu zotsitsimutsa moto wa phosphorous-nitrogen.

Kuchokera pa Chithunzi 1, zikhoza kuwonedwa kuti kuwonjezera zotsalira zamoto za phosphorous-nitrogen zimachepetsa kwambiri HRR ya nsalu ya thonje, kusonyeza kuchepa kwa kutentha pamene kuyaka ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yoletsa moto.

3.3 Kuchulukana kwa Utsi
Kuchuluka kwa utsi kumayezera kuchuluka kwa utsi umene umatuluka ukayaka. Table 2 imatchula za kuchuluka kwa utsi wa nsalu zingapo zodziwika bwino pambuyo powonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafuta oletsa moto a phosphorus-nitrogen.

Monga tawonera mu Gulu 2, zoletsa moto za phosphorous-nitrogen zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa utsi wa nsalu, kuchepetsa kutulutsa utsi pakuyaka komanso kulimbitsa chitetezo.

1. Kuchita kwa Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants mu Ntchito Zothandiza
   4.1 Chithandizo Chopanda Moto pa Zovala
   Novel phosphorous-nitrogen retardants amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza nsalu. Mwachitsanzo, muzovala zozimitsa moto, yunifolomu ya asilikali, zovala zogona za ana, ndi nsalu zina zapadera, kuwonjezera zotsalirazi kungathandize kwambiri kukana moto, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ogwiritsa ntchito.

4.2 Kusamalira Zida Zomangamanga Zosapsa ndi Moto
Pazomangira, zida zatsopano za phosphorus-nitrogen retardants zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuwawonjezera ku zokutira zotchinga moto ndi matabwa otsekereza moto kungawonjezere malire awo olimbana ndi moto, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha moto.

4.3 Chithandizo Chopanda Moto Pazinthu Zamagetsi
Pazinthu zamagetsi, zolemba za phosphorous-nitrogen flame retardants zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu monga matabwa ozungulira ndi zingwe. Kuphatikiza kwawo kumatha kuteteza bwino moto wobwera chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kapena mabwalo amfupi, kuteteza zida ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.

1. Kupita Kwakafukufuku Kunyumba ndi Kunja
   5.1 Kupita patsogolo kwa kafukufuku wapakhomo
   Ofufuza apakhomo apita patsogolo kwambiri pofufuza za mankhwala oletsa moto wa phosphorus-nitrogen. Mwachitsanzo, gulu lofufuza pa yunivesite linapanga buku la organic phosphorous-nitrogen retardant. Mayesero pa nsalu ya thonje anasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera 5% ya retardant anawonjezera LOI kupitirira 30%, ndi bwino kukana kusamba.

5.2 Kupita patsogolo kwa kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi
Ofufuza apadziko lonse apezanso zotsatira zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, gulu lina lapadziko lonse lapansi linapanga buku la inorganic phosphorous-nitrogen retardant. Mayesero a nsalu ya polyester adawonetsa kuti kuwonjezera 10% ya retardant kumawonjezera LOI kupitilira 35%, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri utsi.

1. Njira Zachitukuko Zamtsogolo
   6.1 Multifunctionality
   M'tsogolomu, njira imodzi yogwiritsira ntchito phosphorous-nitrogen retardants ndi multifunctionality. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga ma retardants okhala ndi zina zowonjezera monga antibacterial, anti-mold, ndi anti-static amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito.

6.2 Nanotechnology
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nanotechnology kudzabweretsa mwayi watsopano wopangira zida zatsopano za phosphorous-nitrogen retardant. Kukonzekera kwa nanoscale kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kubalalitsidwa ndi kukhazikika kwa zotsalira, kupititsa patsogolo luso lawo.

6.3 Smart Retardants
Kuchita kwanzeru ndi njira ina yofunika. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga ma retardant anzeru omwe amatha kusintha momwe amagwirira ntchito potengera kutentha kwa chilengedwe kuti athe kusintha momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.