Kusintha kwa Mapangidwe a Halogen-Free Flame Retardant PVC Chikopa

Kusintha kwa Mapangidwe a Halogen-Free Flame Retardant PVC Chikopa

Mawu Oyamba

Makasitomala amapanga zikopa za PVC zosagwira moto komanso antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Tsopano akufuna kuthetsa Sb₂O₃ ndikusinthana ndi zida zamoto zopanda halogen. Mapangidwe apano akuphatikiza PVC, DOP, EPOXY, BZ-500, ST, HICOAT-410, ndi antimony. Kusintha kuchokera ku chikopa cha PVC chopangidwa ndi antimony kupita ku dongosolo loletsa moto la halogen kuyimira kukweza kwakukulu kwaukadaulo. Kusintha kumeneku sikumangotsatira malamulo okhwima kwambiri a chilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, RoHS, REACH) komanso kumapangitsa kuti malondawo akhale ndi chithunzi "chobiriwira" komanso kupikisana kwa msika.

Mavuto Ofunika Kwambiri

1. Kutayika kwa Synergistic Effect:
   • Sb₂O₃ siyowotchera lawi lamphamvu palokha koma imawonetsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zoletsa malawi ndi chlorine mu PVC, kuwongolera bwino kwambiri. Kuchotsa antimoni kumafuna kupeza njira ina yopanda halogen yomwe imatengera mgwirizanowu.
2. Kuchita bwino kwa Flame Retardancy:
   • Zoletsa moto zopanda ma halogen nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kukwezedwa kwakukulu kuti zikwaniritse zofananira zosagwira moto (mwachitsanzo, UL94 V-0), zomwe zimatha kukhudza makina (kufewa, kulimba kwamphamvu, kutalika), kukonza magwiridwe antchito, ndi mtengo.
3. PVC Chikopa Makhalidwe:
   • Chikopa cha PVC chimafuna kufewa kwambiri, kumva kwa manja, kutha kwa pamwamba (kukongoletsa, gloss), kukana nyengo, kukana kusamuka, komanso kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono. Mapangidwe atsopanowa ayenera kusunga kapena kufananiza kwambiri zinthuzi.
4. Kukonza Magwiridwe:
   • Kudzaza kwambiri kwamafuta opanda halogen (mwachitsanzo, ATH) kungakhudze kusungunuka kwasungunuka ndi kukhazikika kwa kukonza.
5. Kuganizira za Mtengo:
   • Zida zina zochepetsera moto za halogen zopanda mphamvu kwambiri ndizokwera mtengo, zomwe zimafunikira kukhazikika pakati pa magwiridwe antchito ndi mtengo.

Njira Zosankhira za Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Systems (ya PVC Artificial Leather)

1. Zotsalira Zamoto Zoyambira - Metal Hydroxides

• Aluminium Trihydroxide (ATH):
  • Zambiri, zotsika mtengo.
  • Njira: Kuwonongeka kwa Endothermic (~ 200 ° C), kutulutsa mpweya wamadzi kuti usungunuke mpweya woyaka ndi mpweya pamene umapanga malo otetezera pamwamba.
  • Zosokoneza: Kuchita bwino pang'ono, kukweza kwakukulu kumafunika (40-70 phr), kumachepetsa kwambiri kufewa, kutalika, ndi kutheka; kuwola kutentha ndi otsika.
• Magnesium Hydrooxide (MDH):
  • Kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri (~ 340 ° C), koyenera kukonzedwa kwa PVC (160-200 ° C).
  • Zosokoneza: Zotengera zapamwamba zofanana (40-70 phr) zofunika; mtengo wokwera pang'ono kuposa ATH; ikhoza kukhala ndi mayamwidwe apamwamba kwambiri.

Njira:

• Kukonda MDH kapena kuphatikiza kwa ATH/MDH (mwachitsanzo, 70/30) kuti muchepetse mtengo, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, ndi kuchedwa kwa lawi.
• Zothira pamwamba (mwachitsanzo, zophatikizana ndi silane) ATH/MDH imathandizira kuti igwirizane ndi PVC, imachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa katundu, ndikuwonjezera kuchedwa kwamoto.

2. Flame Retardant Synergists

Kuti muchepetse kutsitsa koyambira koyambitsa moto ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, ma synergists ndi ofunikira:

• Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants: Zabwino pamakina a PVC opanda halogen.
  • Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP): Imalimbikitsa kutentha, kupanga intumescent insulating layer.
    • Zindikirani: Gwiritsani ntchito magiredi osamva kutentha kwambiri (monga Phase II,>280°C) kuti musawole pokonza. Ma APP ena amatha kusokoneza kuwonekera komanso kukana madzi.
  • Aluminium Diethylphosphinate (ADP): Yogwira bwino kwambiri, yotsika kwambiri (5-20 phr), zotsatira zochepa pa katundu, kukhazikika kwabwino kwa kutentha.
    • Zosokoneza: Kukwera mtengo.
  • Phosphate Esters (mwachitsanzo, RDP, BDP, TCPP): Imagwira ntchito ngati pulasitiki yoletsa moto.
    • Ubwino: Ntchito ziwiri (pulasitiki + retardant lawi).
    • Zoipa: Mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono (mwachitsanzo, TCPP) akhoza kusuntha / kusinthasintha; RDP/BDP ili ndi pulasitiki yotsika kwambiri kuposa DOP ndipo imatha kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha.
• Zinc Borate (ZB):
  • Zotsika mtengo, zogwira ntchito zambiri (zoletsa moto, zoletsa utsi, zolimbikitsa char, anti-dripping). Imagwirizana bwino ndi ATH/MDH ndi machitidwe a phosphorous-nitrogen. Kutsitsa kwanthawi zonse: 3-10 phr.
• Zinc Stanate / Hydroxy Stanate:
  • Zida zabwino kwambiri zopondereza utsi ndi ma synergists oletsa moto, makamaka ma polima okhala ndi chlorine (mwachitsanzo, PVC). Itha kusintha pang'ono gawo la antimoni. Kutsitsa kwanthawi zonse: 2-8 phr.
• Molybdenum Compounds (mwachitsanzo, MoO₃, Ammonium Molybdate):
  • Zopondereza utsi wamphamvu wokhala ndi mgwirizano woletsa moto. Kutsitsa kwanthawi zonse: 2-5 phr.
• Nano Fillers (mwachitsanzo, Nanoclay):
  • Kutsitsa kwapang'onopang'ono (3-8 phr) kumapangitsa kuti moto usavutike (kupanga char, kutsika kwa kutentha kumatulutsa) ndi makina amakina. Kubalalitsidwa ndikofunikira.

3. Opondereza Utsi

PVC imatulutsa utsi wambiri panthawi yoyaka. Mapangidwe opanda halogen nthawi zambiri amafuna kuletsa utsi. Zinc borate, zinc stannate, ndi molybdenum mankhwala ndi zosankha zabwino kwambiri.

Mapangidwe Opangidwa ndi Halogen-Free Flame Retardant (Kutengera Mapangidwe Oyambirira a Makasitomala)

Chandamale: Fikirani UL94 V-0 (1.6 mm kapena kupitilira apo) ndikusunga kufewa, kusinthika, ndi zinthu zofunika.

Zongoganizira:

• Kapangidwe koyambirira:
  • DOP: 50-70 phr (pulasitiki).
  • ST: Mwina stearic acid (mafuta).
  • HICOAT-410: Ca/Zn stabilizer.
  • BZ-500: Mwina mafuta / processing thandizo (kutsimikizira).
  • EPOXY: Mafuta a soya opangidwa ndi epoxidized (co-stabilizer/plasticizer).
  • Antimony: Sb₂O₃ (kuchotsedwa).

1. Mapangidwe Omwe Amalangizidwa (pa 100 phr PVC utomoni)

2. Kupanga Zitsanzo (Kumafuna Kukhathamiritsa)

Masitepe Ofunika Kwambiri

1. Tsimikizirani Zambiri:
   • Fotokozani za mankhwala aBZ-500ndiST(funsani zidziwitso za ogulitsa).
   • Tsimikizirani zokwezeka zenizeni zaDOP,EPOXY,ndiHICOAT-410.
   • Tanthauzoni zofunikira za kasitomala: Kuchedwa kwa lawi lachandamale (mwachitsanzo, makulidwe a UL94), kufewa (kuuma), kugwiritsa ntchito (magalimoto, mipando, matumba?), Zosowa zapadera (kukana kuzizira, kukhazikika kwa UV, kukana abrasion?), malire amtengo.
2. Sankhani Magiredi Oyimitsa Moto Okhazikika:
   • Pemphani zitsanzo zoziziritsa moto za halogen zopangira zikopa za PVC kuchokera kwa ogulitsa.
   • Ikani patsogolo ATH/MDH yopangidwa ndi pamwamba kuti mubalalike bwino.
   • Pa APP, gwiritsani ntchito magiredi osatentha kwambiri.
   • Kwa ma esters a phosphate, sankhani RDP/BDP kuposa TCPP kuti musamuke pang'ono.
3. Kuyesa kwa Lab-Scale & Kukhathamiritsa:
   • Konzani magulu ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, sinthani kuchuluka kwa MDH/APP/ZB/ZS).
   • Kusakaniza: Gwiritsani ntchito zosakaniza zothamanga kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, Henschel) pakubalalika kofanana. Onjezani zakumwa (pulasitiki, zolimbitsa thupi) poyamba, kenako ufa.
   • Kuyesa Mayeso: Yesani zida zopangira (mwachitsanzo, Banbury chosakanizira + kalendala). Yang'anirani nthawi ya plastification, kusungunula kukhuthala, torque, mawonekedwe apamwamba.
   • Kuyesa Magwiridwe:
     • Kuchedwa kwamoto: UL94, LOI.
     • Zimango: Kulimba (M'mphepete mwa A), kulimba kwamphamvu, kutalika.
     • Kufewa / kumva kwamanja: Mayeso a Subjective + kuuma.
     • Kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono: Mayeso opindika ozizira.
     • Kukhazikika kwamafuta: mayeso ofiira aku Congo.
     • Maonekedwe: Mtundu, gloss, embossing.
     • (Mwasankha) Kuchuluka kwa utsi: Chipinda cha utsi cha NBS.
4. Kuthetsa Mavuto & Kuyanjanitsa:

5. Kuyendetsa & Kupanga: Pambuyo pakukhathamiritsa kwa labu, chitani mayeso oyendetsa kuti mutsimikizire kukhazikika, kusasinthika, ndi mtengo wake. Onjezani pokhapokha mutatsimikizira.

Mapeto

Kusintha kuchokera ku chikopa cha PVC chochokera ku antimoni kupita ku halogen-chikopa chamoto chosapsa ndi malawi ndi kotheka koma kumafuna chitukuko mwadongosolo. Njira yapakati imaphatikiza ma hydroxides azitsulo (makamaka opangidwa ndi MDH), phosphorous-nitrogen synergists (APP kapena ADP), ndi opondereza utsi wambiri (zinki borate, zinki stannate). Nthawi yomweyo, kukhathamiritsa ma plasticizers, stabilizers, lubricant, ndi zothandizira kukonza ndizofunikira.

Makiyi Opambana:

1. Fotokozani zolinga ndi zopinga zomveka bwino (kuchedwa kwamoto, katundu, mtengo).
2. Sankhani zotsimikizira zamoto zopanda halogen (zodzaza pamwamba, APP yotentha kwambiri).
3. Chitani mayeso okhwima a labu (kuchedwa kwamoto, katundu, kukonza).
4. Onetsetsani kusakanikirana kofanana ndi kugwirizanitsa ndondomeko.

   More info., you can contact lucy@taifeng-fr.com