Kusanthula ndi Kukhathamiritsa kwa Mapangidwe Oletsa Moto pa Zopaka za PVC

Kusanthula ndi Kukhathamiritsa kwa Mapangidwe Oletsa Moto pa Zopaka za PVC

Makasitomala amapanga mahema a PVC ndipo amayenera kuthira zokutira zoletsa moto. The chilinganizo panopa tichipeza mbali 60 PVC utomoni, 40 mbali TOTM, 30 mbali zotayidwa hypophosphite (ndi 40% phosphorous zili), 10 mbali MCA, 8 mbali zinki borate, pamodzi dispersants. Komabe, ntchito yoletsa moto ndi yoyipa, ndipo kubalalitsidwa kwa zoletsa moto sikokwanira. Pansipa pali kuwunika kwazifukwa ndi kusintha komwe akufunsidwa.

I. Zifukwa Zazikulu Zosachedwa Kuchedwa kwa Lawi

1. Kusalinganizika kwa Flame Retardant System yokhala ndi Zofooka Zosagwirizana

• Kuchuluka kwa aluminiyamu hypophosphite (magawo 30):
  Ngakhale aluminiyamu hypophosphite ndi phosphorous-based retardant flame retardant (40% phosphorous zili), kuwonjezera kwambiri (>25 magawo) kungayambitse:
• Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kukhuthala kwa dongosolo, kupangitsa kubalalitsidwa kukhala kovuta ndikupanga malo ophatikizana omwe amafulumizitsa kuyaka ("wick effect").
• Kuchepetsa kulimba kwazinthu komanso kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe opanga mafilimu chifukwa chodzaza kwambiri ndi ma inorganic filler.
• Zambiri za MCA (magawo 10):
  MCA (nitrogen-based) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati synergist. Mlingo ukapitilira magawo 5, umakonda kusamukira kumtunda, kudzaza mphamvu yoletsa moto komanso kusokoneza zoletsa zina.
• Kuperewera kwa ma key synergists:
  Ngakhale kuti zinki borate zimakhala ndi zotsatira zowononga utsi, kusakhalapo kwa antimony-based (mwachitsanzo, antimony trioxide) kapena zitsulo zachitsulo (mwachitsanzo, aluminium hydroxide) kumalepheretsa kupanga "phosphorus-nitrogen-antimony" synergistic system, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusakwanira kwa gasi lawi lamoto.

2. Kusagwirizana Pakati pa Kusankha Plasticizer ndi Zolinga Zobwezera Moto

• TOTM (trioctyl trimellitate) ili ndi kuchepa kwamoto pang'ono:
  TOTM imapambana kwambiri polimbana ndi kutentha koma sithandiza kwambiri pakuchedwa kwa malawi kuyerekeza ndi ma ester a phosphate (mwachitsanzo, TOTP). Pazinthu zolepheretsa kuyatsa moto kwambiri monga zokutira mahema, TOTM sichitha kupereka mphamvu zokwanira zowotcha komanso zotchinga mpweya.
• Plasticizer osakwanira (magawo 40 okha):
  Utoto wa PVC nthawi zambiri umafunikira magawo 60-75 a plasticizer kuti apange pulasitiki. Kutsika kwa plasticizer kumabweretsa kukhuthala kwakukulu, zomwe zimakulitsanso kubalalitsidwa kwamoto.

3. Dongosolo Lobalalitsa Losagwira Ntchito Lomwe Imatsogolera Kugawika Kosagwirizana ndi Lawi Lamoto

• Chowotcha chapano chikhoza kukhala chamtundu wanthawi zonse (mwachitsanzo, stearic acid kapena sera ya PE), chomwe sichingagwire ntchito pazambiri zolemetsa zalawi lamoto (aluminium hypophosphite + zinc borate yokhala ndi magawo 48), kuchititsa:
• Agglomeration wa lawi retardant particles, kupanga localized ofooka mawanga mu ❖ kuyanika.
• Kusasungunuka bwino kosungunuka panthawi yokonza, kumatulutsa kutentha kwa shear komwe kumayambitsa kuwola msanga.

4. Kusagwirizana Kwapakati Pakati pa Flame Retardants ndi PVC

• Zida za inorganic monga aluminium hypophosphite ndi zinki borate zili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa polarity ndi PVC. Popanda kusinthidwa pamwamba (mwachitsanzo, ma silane coupling agents), kupatukana kwa gawo kumachitika, kuchepetsa mphamvu yoletsa moto.

II. Core Design Njira

1. Sinthani Pulasitiki Yoyamba ndi TOTP

• Limbikitsani kubweza kwamoto kwabwino kwambiri (zomwe zili ndi phosphorous ≈9%) ndi kutulutsa pulasitiki.

2. Konzani Flame Retardant Ratios ndi Synergy

• Sungani aluminium hypophosphite ngati gwero lalikulu la phosphorous koma muchepetse mlingo wake kuti muchepetse kubalalitsidwa ndikuchepetsa "chiwopsezo cha nyali."
• Sungani zinki borate ngati synergist yofunikira (kulimbikitsa kuwotcha ndi kuletsa utsi).
• Sungani MCA ngati nitrogen synergist koma muchepetse mlingo wake kuti mupewe kusamuka.
• yambitsaniUltrafine aluminium hydroxide (ATH)monga chigawo cha multifunctional:
• Kuchedwa kwa moto:Kuwonongeka kwa Endothermic (kutha madzi m'thupi), kuzizira, ndi kusungunuka kwa mpweya woyaka.
• Kuletsa utsi:Amachepetsa kwambiri kutulutsa utsi.
• Zodzaza:Amachepetsa mtengo (poyerekeza ndi zina zoletsa moto).
• Kubalalitsidwa bwino ndi kuyenda (ultrafine grade):Zosavuta kubalalika kuposa ATH wamba, kuchepetsa kukhuthala kwamphamvu.

3. Njira Zamphamvu Zothetsera Nkhani Zobalalika

• Kuchulukitsa kwambiri zomwe zili mu plasticizer:Onetsetsani kuti zonse za PVC zapulasitiki ndikuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa dongosolo.
• Gwiritsani ntchito ma super-dispersants apamwamba kwambiri:Zopangidwa makamaka kuti zikhale zolemetsa kwambiri, zophatikizika mosavuta zamtundu wa inorganic (aluminium hypophosphite, ATH).
• Konzani kukonza (kusakaniza kusanachitike ndikofunikira):Onetsetsani kunyowetsa bwino ndi kubalalika kwa zoletsa moto.

4. Onetsetsani kuti Basic Processing Kukhazikika

• Onjezani zowonjezera kutentha ndi mafuta oyenera.

III. Fomu Yosinthidwa ya Flame-Retardant PVC

IV. Zolemba za Fomula ndi Mfundo Zofunikira

1. TOTP ndi Core Foundation

• 65-75 magawozimatsimikizira:
• Mapulasitiki athunthu: PVC imafuna pulasitiki yokwanira kuti mupange filimu yofewa, yosalekeza.
• Kuchepetsa ma viscosity: Ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kubalalika kwa zotumphukira zamoto zomwe zimakhala ndi katundu wambiri.
• Kuchedwa kwamoto kwamkati: TOTP palokha ndi pulasitiki yogwira bwino kwambiri yosagwiritsa ntchito malawi.

2. Flame Retardant Synergy

• PNB-Al synergy:Aluminium hypophosphite (P) + MCA (N) amapereka maziko a PN synergy. Zinc borate (B, Zn) imathandizira kuchepetsa kutenthedwa ndi utsi. Ultrafine ATH (Al) imapereka kuziziritsa kwakukulu kwa endothermic ndi kuponderezana kwa utsi. TOTP imathandizanso phosphorous. Izi zimapanga dongosolo la synergistic lazinthu zambiri.
• Udindo wa ATH:Magawo 25-35 a ultrafine ATH ndiwothandiza kwambiri pakuchedwa kwamoto komanso kupondereza utsi. Kuwola kwake kumatenga kutentha, pamene nthunzi yamadzi yotulutsidwa imachepetsa mpweya ndi mpweya woyaka.Ultrafine komanso yothandizidwa ndi ATH ndiyofunikirakuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa kukhuthala ndikuwongolera kuyanjana kwa PVC.
• Kuchepetsa aluminium hypophosphite:Kutsitsidwa magawo 30 mpaka 15-20 kuti muchepetse zolemetsa ndikusunga phosphorous.
• Kuchepetsa MCA:Anatsitsidwa 10 kuti 4-6 mbali kupewa kusamuka.

3. Njira Yobalalitsira - Yofunika Kwambiri Kuti Mupambane

• Super-dispersant (magawo 3-4):Zofunikira pakunyamula katundu wambiri (magawo 50-70 odzaza ma inorganic!), makina ovuta kubalalika (aluminium hypophosphite + ultrafine ATH + zinc borate).Ma dispersants wamba (mwachitsanzo, calcium stearate, sera ya PE) sizokwanira!Sakani ndalama muzabwino kwambiri zomwaza ma super-dispersants ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwanira.
• Zomwe zili mupulasitiki (65-75 magawo):Monga pamwambapa, amachepetsa mamasukidwe akayendedwe wonse, kupanga malo abwino kubalalitsidwa.
• Mafuta (1-2 magawo):Kuphatikizika kwamafuta amkati / akunja kumatsimikizira kuyenda bwino panthawi yosakaniza ndi kuphimba, kuteteza kumamatira.

4. Processing - Strict Pre-Mixing Protocol

• Khwerero 1 (Vumitsani sakanizani ufa wa inorganic):
• Onjezani aluminium hypophosphite, ultrafine ATH, zinki borate, MCA, ndi zonse zobalalitsa kwambiri ku chosakanizira chothamanga kwambiri.
• Sakanizani pa 80-90 ° C kwa mphindi 8-10. Cholinga: Onetsetsani wapamwamba-dispersant mokwanira malaya aliyense tinthu, kuswa agglomerates.Nthawi ndi kutentha ndizofunikira!
• Gawo 2 (Mapangidwe a Slurry):
• Onjezani zambiri za TOTP (mwachitsanzo, 70-80%), zotsitsimutsa zonse kutentha, ndi zothira zamkati kusakaniza kuyambira Gawo 1.
• Sakanizani pa 90-100 ° C kwa mphindi 5-7 kuti mupange slurry yofanana, yothamanga yoletsa moto. Onetsetsani kuti ufa wanyowetsedwa mokwanira ndi ma plasticizer.
• Khwerero 3 (Onjezani PVC ndi zigawo zotsalira):
• Onjezani utomoni wa PVC, TOTP yotsalira, zothira zakunja (ndi zotsitsimutsa za antioxidants/UV, ngati zawonjezeredwa pakadali pano).
• Sakanizani pa 100-110 ° C kwa mphindi 7-10 mpaka kufika pa "malo owuma" (opanda-oyenda, opanda zokopa).Pewani kusakaniza kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa PVC.
• Kuziziritsa:Thirani ndi kuziziritsa zosakanizazo kufika pa <50°C kuti mupewe kugwa.

5. Kukonzekera Kotsatira

• Gwiritsani ntchito chowuma choziziritsa chowuma kuti mukhale ndi kalendala kapena zokutira.
• Onetsetsani kutentha kwa kutentha kosamalitsa (kutentha kwasungunuka ≤170-175 ° C) kupewa kulephera kwa stabilizer kapena kuwola msanga kwa zoletsa moto (mwachitsanzo, ATH).

V. Zotsatira Zoyembekezeka ndi Kusamala

• Kuchedwa kwa moto:Poyerekeza ndi chilinganizo choyambirira (TOTM + high aluminium hypophosphite/MCA), ndondomeko yokonzedwansoyi (TOTP + optimized P/N/B/Al ratios) iyenera kuwongolera kwambiri kuchedwa kwa lawi, makamaka pakuwotcha koyima komanso kupondereza utsi. Miyezo yolowera ngati CPAI-84 yamahema. Mayeso ofunikira: ASTM D6413 (kuwotcha molunjika).
• Kubalalitsidwa:Super-dispersant + high plasticizer + wokometsedwa pre-kusakaniza kuyenera kwambiri kusintha kubalalitsidwa, kuchepetsa agglomeration ndi kukonza ❖ kuyanika kufanana.
• Kuthekera:TOTP yokwanira ndi zothira mafuta ziyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino, koma kuyang'anira mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi kumamatira panthawi yopanga zenizeni.
• Mtengo:TOTP ndi super-dispersants ndi okwera mtengo, koma amachepetsa zotayidwa hypophosphite ndi MCA kuchepetsa ndalama zina. ATH ndi yotsika mtengo.

Zikumbutso Zofunikira:

• Mayesero ang'onoang'ono choyamba!Yesani mu labu ndikusintha kutengera zida zenizeni (makamaka ATH ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri) ndi zida.
• Zosankha:
• ATH:Ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ultrafine (D50 ≤2µm), magiredi apamwamba (mwachitsanzo, silane). Funsani ogulitsa kuti mupeze malingaliro ogwirizana ndi PVC.
• Super-dispersants:Ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yochita bwino kwambiri. Dziwitsani ogulitsa za ntchito (PVC, zodzaza zodzaza ndi zinthu zambiri, kubweza kwamoto wopanda halogen).
• TOTP:Onetsetsani apamwamba.
• Kuyesa:Chitani mayeso okhwima a retardancy lawi malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. Onetsetsaninso kukalamba / kukana madzi (kofunikira kwa mahema akunja!). UV stabilizers ndi antioxidants ndizofunikira.

More info., pls contact lucy@taifeng-fr.com