Kugwiritsa ntchito zomatira / zosindikizira / Kumangirira ma retardants amoto
Ntchito yomanga:Kuyika zitseko zamoto, zozimitsa moto, matabwa amoto
Malo amagetsi ndi magetsi:Ma board ozungulira, zida zamagetsi
Makampani opanga magalimoto:Mipando, dashboards, mapanelo zitseko
Malo apamlengalenga:Zida zowulutsira ndege, zida zamlengalenga
Zinthu zapakhomo:Mipando, pansi, wallpaper
Flame Retardant Adhesive Transfer Tepi:Zabwino kwambiri pazitsulo, thovu ndi mapulasitiki monga polyethylene
Kugwira ntchito kwa Flame Retardants
Zoletsa moto zimalepheretsa kapena kuchedwetsa kufalikira kwa moto mwa kupondereza zochita za mankhwala mu lawi lamoto kapena kupanga chinsalu choteteza pamwamba pa chinthu.
Zitha kusakanikirana ndi zinthu zoyambira (zowonjezera zamoto) kapena zomangirizidwa ndi mankhwala (zobwezeretsanso moto).Mamineral flame retardants nthawi zambiri amawonjezera pomwe ma organic compounds amatha kukhala otakataka kapena owonjezera.
Kupanga Zomatira Zoletsa Moto
Moto uli ndi magawo anayi:
Chiyambi
Kukula
Steady State, ndi
Kuwola
Kuyerekeza kwa Kutentha kwa Kuwonongeka kwa Zomatira Zofananira za Thermoset
Ndi Amene Anafikiridwa M'magawo Osiyanasiyana a Moto
Chigawo chilichonse chimakhala ndi kutentha kofananako monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi.Popanga zomatira zoletsa moto, opanga ma formula ayenera kuyesetsa kuti asatenthetse pagawo loyenera lamoto kuti agwiritse ntchito:
● Popanga zamagetsi, mwachitsanzo, zomatira ziyenera kuletsa chizolowezi chilichonse cha chipangizo chamagetsi choyatsa moto - kapena kuyambitsa - ngati pali kutentha komwe kumayambitsa vuto.
● Pomangirira matailosi kapena mapanelo, zomatira zimayenera kukana kulumikizidwa pakukula komanso kukhazikika, ngakhale zitakhudzana mwachindunji ndi lawi lamoto.
● Ayeneranso kuchepetsa mpweya wapoizoni ndi utsi umene umatulutsa.Zotengera zonyamula katundu zimatha kukhala ndi magawo anayi onse amoto.
Kuchepetsa Kutentha Kozungulira
Kuti muchepetse kuzungulira kwa kuyaka, imodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa moto ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndi izi:
● Kuchotsa mafuta osasinthasintha, monga kuzizira
● Kupanga chotchinga chotchinga matenthedwe, monga mwa kuwotcha, motero kuchotsa mafuta pochepetsa kutengera kutentha, kapena
● Kuzimitsa machitidwe a tcheni mu lawi lamoto, monga mwa kuwonjezera zosakaniza zoyenera
Zowonjezera zoletsa moto zimachita izi pochita zinthu mwamankhwala komanso/kapena mwakuthupi mugawo lokhazikika (lolimba) kapena mu gawo la mpweya popereka imodzi mwa izi:
●Olemba Character:Kawirikawiri mankhwala a phosphorous, omwe amachotsa gwero la mafuta a kaboni ndikupereka wosanjikiza polimbana ndi kutentha kwa moto.Pali njira ziwiri zopangira char:
Kuwongoleranso kwazomwe zimakhudzidwa pakuwola mokomera zomwe zimatulutsa mpweya m'malo mwa CO kapena CO2 ndi
Mapangidwe a pamwamba wosanjikiza char chitetezo
●Zotengera kutentha:Nthawi zambiri ma hydrate azitsulo, monga aluminium trihydrate kapena magnesium hydroxide, omwe amachotsa kutentha ndi kutuluka kwa madzi kuchokera m'mapangidwe a flame retardant.
●Zozimitsa moto:Nthawi zambiri ma bromine- kapena chlorine-based halogen system omwe amasokoneza zomwe zimachitika palawi lamoto.
● Synergists:Kawirikawiri mankhwala a antimony, omwe amawonjezera ntchito yamoto wozimitsa moto.
Kufunika kwa Zoletsa Moto pa Chitetezo cha Moto
Zolepheretsa moto ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitetezo cha moto chifukwa sizimangochepetsa chiopsezo cha moto, komanso kufalikira kwake.Izi zimawonjezera nthawi yothawa ndipo, motero, zimateteza anthu, katundu, ndi chilengedwe.
Pali njira zambiri zopangira zomatira ngati choletsa moto.Tiyeni timvetse mwatsatanetsatane za gulu la flame retardants.
Kufunika kwa zomatira zoziziritsa moto zikuchulukirachulukira ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo kukukulirakulira kumitundu ingapo yamagawo osiyanasiyana am'magawo osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza zakuthambo, zomangamanga, zamagetsi ndi zoyendera za anthu onse (makamaka masitima apamtunda).
1: Chifukwa chake, chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwikiratu ndikukhala osagwira lawi / osayaka kapena, bwino kwambiri, kuletsa malawi - osawotcha moto.
2: Zomatira siziyenera kutulutsa utsi wambiri kapena wapoizoni.
3: Zomatira zimayenera kusunga kukhulupirika kwake pamatenthedwe apamwamba (kukhala ndi kukana kutentha momwe mungathere).
4: Zomatira zowola siziyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zapoizoni.
Zikuwoneka ngati dongosolo lalitali kuti libwere ndi zomatira zomwe zingagwirizane ndi zofunikirazi - ndipo panthawiyi, kukhuthala, mtundu, kuthamanga kwa machiritso ndi njira yochiritsira yomwe mumakonda, kudzaza mipata, kugwira ntchito kwa mphamvu, kutentha kwa kutentha, ndi kulongedza sikunayambepo. amaganiziridwa.Koma akatswiri azachitukuko amasangalala ndi vuto labwino kotero ZIBWERETSE!
Malamulo a chilengedwe amakhala okhudzana ndi mafakitale komanso dera
Gulu lalikulu la anthu omwe amaphunzira moto wamoto wapezeka kuti ali ndi chikhalidwe chabwino komanso thanzi labwino.Izi ndi:
● Ammonium polyphosphate
● Aluminium diethylphosphinate
● Aluminiyamu hydroxide
● Magnesium hydroxide
● Melamine polyphosphate
● Dihydrooxaphosphaphenanthrene
● Zinc stannate
● Zinc hydroxstannate
Kuchedwa kwamoto
Zomatira zitha kupangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchedwa kwamoto - nazi tsatanetsatane wamagulu a Underwriters Laboratory Testing.Monga opanga zomatira, tikuwona zopempha makamaka za UL94 V-0 ndipo nthawi zina za HB.
UL94
● HB: Kuwotcha pang’onopang’ono pachitsanzo chopingasa.Kuwotcha mlingo <76mm/mphindi kwa makulidwe <3mm kapena kuyatsa kuyima pamaso 100mm
● V-2: (yoyima) imasiya kuyaka mu <30 masekondi ndipo madontho aliwonse amatha kuyaka.
● V-1: (moyima) amasiya kuyatsa mu <30 masekondi, ndipo kudontha kumaloledwa (koma kuyeneraayikuyaka)
● V-0 (moyima) imayimitsa mu <10 masekondi, ndipo kudontha kumaloledwa (koma kuyeneraayikuyaka)
● 5VB (chitsanzo cha vertical plaque) chimasiya kuyaka mu <60 masekondi, popanda kudontha;chitsanzo akhoza kupanga dzenje.
● 5VA monga pamwambapa koma osaloledwa kupanga dzenje.
Magulu awiri omalizawa angakhudze gulu lomangika m'malo mokhala ngati zomatira.
Kuyesako ndikosavuta kwambiri ndipo sikufuna zida zapamwamba, nayi kuyesa koyambira:
Zingakhale zachinyengo kuyesa izi pa zomatira zokha.Makamaka zomatira zomwe sizingachiritse bwino kunja kwa malo otsekedwa.Pankhaniyi, mukhoza kuyesa kokha pakati bonded substrates.Komabe, guluu wa epoxy ndi zomatira za UV zitha kuchiritsidwa ngati kuyesa kolimba.Kenako, ikani chitsanzo choyesera m'nsagwada za choyimira chotchinga.Sungani chidebe chamchenga pafupi, ndipo tikukulimbikitsani kuti muchite izi mum'zigawo kapena mu kabati yautsi.Osazimitsa ma alarm a utsi!Makamaka omwe amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi chithandizo chadzidzidzi.Pezani chitsanzo pamoto ndi nthawi yomwe zimatenga nthawi kuti lawi lamoto lizimitse.Yang'anani madontho aliwonse pansi (mwachiyembekezo, muli ndi tray yotayira mu situ; apo ayi, bye-bye good worktop).
Akatswiri a zamankhwala omatira amaphatikiza zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti apange zomatira zoziziritsa moto - ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kuzimitsa moto (ngakhale kuti mawonekedwewa ndi ovuta kukwaniritsa masiku ano ndi opanga katundu ambiri tsopano akupempha zopangira zopanda halogen).
Zowonjezera zomatira zosagwira moto zimaphatikizapo
● Zinthu zopangira moto zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kutentha ndi kusuta komanso kuteteza zinthu zamkati kuti zisapse.
● Zosakaniza zotentha, izi ndizitsulo zachitsulo zomwe zimathandiza kuti zomatirazo zikhale zotentha kwambiri (nthawi zambiri, zomatira zamoto zimasankhidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi kutentha komwe kumafunika kwambiri).
Ndizosamalitsa bwino chifukwa zowonjezera izi zidzasokoneza zinthu zina zomatira monga mphamvu, rheology, kuthamanga kwa machiritso, kusinthasintha etc.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa zomatira zosagwira moto ndi zomatira zozimitsa moto?
Inde!Pali.Mawu onse awiriwa adanenedwa m'nkhaniyi, koma ndibwino kuti muwongole nkhaniyo.
Zomatira zosagwira moto
Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zinthu monga simenti zomatira ndi zomatira.Sizipsa ndipo zimapirira kutentha kwambiri.Ntchito za mitundu iyi ya zinthu monga, ng'anjo kuphulika, uvuni etc. Iwo sachita kalikonse kuyimitsa msonkhano kuyaka.Koma amachita ntchito yaikulu yogwirizanitsa zitsulo zonse zoyaka pamodzi.
Zomatira zozimitsa moto
Izi zimathandizira kuzimitsa moto ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa moto.
Mafakitale ambiri amafuna zomatira zamtunduwu
● Zamagetsi- poyika ndi kuyika zida zamagetsi, zomangira kutentha, matabwa ozungulira ndi zina. Njira yaying'ono yamagetsi imatha kuyatsa moto mosavuta.Koma ma PCB ali ndi mankhwala oletsa moto - nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kuti zomatira zikhalenso ndi izi.
● Zomangamanga- zokutira ndi pansi (makamaka m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri) nthawi zambiri zimayenera kukhala zosawotcha komanso zomata ndi zomatira zozimitsa moto.
● Zoyendera za anthu onse- zomata zamasitima, zamkati mwa mabasi, ma tramu ndi zina zambiri. Kufunsira zomatira za Flame retardant kumaphatikiza mapanelo ophatikizika, pansi, ndi zina ndi zomangira.Sikuti zomatirazo zimathandiza kuletsa kufalikira kwa moto.Koma amapereka cholumikizira chokongoletsera popanda kufunikira kwa zomangira zosawoneka bwino (komanso movutikira).
● Ndege- monga tanenera kale, zipangizo zamkati za kanyumba zili pansi pa malamulo okhwima.Ziyenera kukhala zoletsa moto ndipo zisadzaze mnyumbamo ndi utsi wakuda pamoto.
Miyezo ndi Njira Zoyesera za Flame Retardants
Miyezo yokhudzana ndi kuyezetsa moto imayang'anira kudziwa momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito pamoto, utsi, ndi kawopsedwe (FST).Mayesero angapo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti adziwe kukana kwa zinthu izi.
Mayeso Osankhidwa a Flame Retardants
| Kukaniza Kuwotcha | |
| Chithunzi cha ASTM D635 | "Mlingo wa Kuwotcha kwa Mapulasitiki" |
| Chithunzi cha ASTM E162 | "Kutentha kwa Zida Zapulasitiki" |
| UL94 pa | "Kutentha kwa Zida Zapulasitiki" |
| Mtengo wa ISO 5657 | "Ignitability wa Zomangamanga" |
| Chithunzi cha BS6853 | "Flame Propagation" |
| FAR 25.853 | "Airworthiness Standard - Zipinda Zamkati" |
| NF T 51-071 | "Oxygen Index" |
| NF C 20-455 | "Glow Wire Test" |
| Mtengo wa 53438 | "Flame Propagation" |
| Kukaniza Kutentha Kwambiri | |
| BS 476 Gawo No | "Pamwamba Kufalikira kwa Lawi - Zida Zomangira" |
| Mtengo wa 4172 | “Makhalidwe a Moto pa Zida Zomangira” |
| Chithunzi cha ASTM E648 | “Zovala Pansi – Radiant Panel” |
| Poizoni | |
| Mtengo wa SMP800C | "Toxicity Testing" |
| Chithunzi cha BS6853 | "Kutulutsa Utsi" |
| NF X 70-100 | "Toxicity Testing" |
| ATS 1000.01 | "Smoke Density" |
| Mtundu wa Utsi | |
| Chithunzi cha BS6401 | "Specific Optical Density of Smoke" |
| Chithunzi cha BS6853 | "Kutulutsa Utsi" |
| Mtengo wa 711 | "Mlozera wa Utsi Wazinthu Zomwe Zimayaka" |
| Chithunzi cha ASTM D2843 | "Kuchuluka kwa Utsi Kuchokera ku Mapulasitiki Oyaka" |
| ISO CD5659 | "Specific Optical Density - Smoke Generation" |
| ATS 1000.01 | "Smoke Density" |
| Mtengo wa 54837 | "Smoke Generation" |
Kuyesa Kukaniza Kuwotcha
M'mayesero ambiri omwe amayesa kukana kuyaka, zomatira zoyenera ndizo zomwe sizikupitiriza kuyaka kwa nthawi yofunikira pambuyo pochotsa gwero lamoto.M'mayesero awa zomatira zochiritsidwa zitha kuyatsidwa popanda zomatira zilizonse (zomatira zimayesedwa ngati filimu yaulere).
Ngakhale njira iyi siyikutengera zenizeni zenizeni, imapereka chidziwitso chothandiza pakukaniza kwa zomatira pakuyaka.
Zitsanzo zomata ndi zomatira zitha kuyesedwanso.Zotsatirazi zitha kukhala zoyimira kwambiri momwe zomatira zimagwirira ntchito pamoto weniweni chifukwa chopereka choperekedwa ndi wotsatira chikhoza kukhala chabwino kapena cholakwika.
UL-94 Vertical Burning Test
Imapereka kuwunika koyambirira kwa kuyaka ndi kudontha kwa ma polima omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamagetsi, zida zamagetsi, zida, ndi ntchito zina.Imakhudzanso kugwiritsa ntchito komaliza monga kuyatsa, kuchuluka kwa kuyaka, kufalikira kwa lawi lamoto, zopereka zamafuta, mphamvu yakuyaka, ndi zinthu zomwe zimayaka.
Kugwira Ntchito Ndi Kukhazikitsa - Pamayeso awa filimu kapena zokutidwa ndi gawo laling'ono zimayikidwa molunjika m'chipinda chaulere.Chowotcha chimayikidwa pansi pa chitsanzo kwa masekondi 10 ndipo nthawi yoyaka moto imayikidwa.Kudontha kulikonse komwe kumayatsa thonje la opaleshoni yoyikidwa mainchesi 12 pansi pa chitsanzo kumazindikirika.
Mayesowa ali ndi magulu angapo:
94 V-0: Palibe chitsanzo chomwe chimakhala ndi kuyaka kwamoto kwa masekondi opitilira 10 mutatha kuyatsa.Zitsanzo sizimayaka mpaka chotchingira chogwirizira, kudontha ndi kuyatsa thonje, kapena kuyaka komwe kumapitilira kwa masekondi 30 mutachotsa lawi loyesa.
94 V-1: Palibe chitsanzo chomwe chizikhala ndi kuyaka kwamoto kwa masekondi opitilira 30 pambuyo pa kuyatsa kulikonse.Zitsanzo siziwotchera mpaka chogwirizira, kudontha ndi kuyatsa thonje, kapena kukhala ndi kuwala kopitilira masekondi 60.
94 V-2: Izi zikuphatikizapo njira zomwezo monga V-1, kupatula kuti zitsanzozo zimaloledwa kudontha ndi kuyatsa thonje pansi pa chitsanzo.
Njira Zina Zoyezera Kukaniza Kuwotcha
Njira inanso yoyezera kulimba kwa chinthu ndikuyeza indexing oxygen index (LOI).LOI ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka okosijeni kamene kamawonetsedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosakaniza ndi nayitrojeni womwe umangothandizira kuyaka kwamoto kwa chinthu poyamba kutentha kwa chipinda.
Kukana kwa zomatira ku kutentha kwakukulu pakakhala moto kumafunikira kuganiziridwa mwapadera pambali pa lawi, utsi, ndi kawopsedwe.Nthawi zambiri gawo lapansi limateteza zomatira kumoto.Komabe, ngati zomatirazo zimamasula kapena kunyozeka chifukwa cha kutentha kwa moto, cholumikiziracho chingalepheretse kulekanitsa gawo lapansi ndi zomatira.Izi zikachitika, zomatirazo zimawonekera pamodzi ndi gawo lapansi lachiwiri.Malo atsopanowa amatha kuthandizira kwambiri pamoto.
Chipinda cha NIST chochuluka cha utsi (ASTM D2843, BS 6401) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale onse pofuna kudziwa utsi wopangidwa ndi zipangizo zolimba ndi zomangira zomwe zimayikidwa moyimirira mkati mwa chipinda chotsekedwa.Kachulukidwe ka utsi amayezedwa optically.
Zomatira zikamangika pakati pa magawo awiri, kukana moto ndi kutenthetsa kwa magawowo kumawongolera kuwonongeka ndi kutulutsa utsi kwa zomatira.
Poyesa kuchulukana kwa utsi, zomatira zimatha kuyesedwa zokha ngati zokutira zaulere kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri.
Pezani Gulu Loyenera la Flame Retardant
Onani magiredi osiyanasiyana oletsa moto omwe akupezeka pamsika masiku ano, santhulani zambiri zaukadaulo wa chinthu chilichonse, pezani thandizo laukadaulo kapena pemphani zitsanzo.
TF-101, TF-201, TF-AMP
